Thursday, December 26, 2019

Statement of Purpose for Computer Science - 812 Words

It is universally agreeable that with the advent of Computer technology, every ambitious and enthusiastic individual is really obsessed with the idea of doing computer science at graduate level because it seems to have created a zeal and enthusiasm in the hearts of youth, particularly those who aspire to be marked as high achievers. I, for one, seem to have been enchanted by these computer applications as they have made the world smaller, speaking in terms of globalization. I have no hesitation to add that core computerization alone is the suitable answer to all the areas unexploited and to the areas waiting for development. It has always been a fascination for me about how computers work, how these applications are designed and what can be the newer ways to explore the world of computers to make our world better. This interest became a passion for me when I was exposed to computer science basics, during my middle school. Pursuing computer science engineering at undergraduate level, further propelled my passion for computer science along with providing me a deeper insight and in-depth understanding of the subject. After completing my under graduation in Computer Science, I am willing to expedite my research interest and a masters degree seemed the most appropriate choice for realizing my aspirations. Since my school days, I have been interested in Mathematics because the challenge of thinking and the process of logic always attracted me to Mathematical problems. With myShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose of Computer Science827 Words   |  3 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE Every generation has its own dimension. In the ages of Apes, man’s primary motive was to feed himself and so, he learned the means of hunting; In the Stone Age he learned means, which made his work easier and he invented tools in this pursuit; In the Iron Age he discovered technologies, he started manufacturing and later established business. This development saga of the man continued, always re-inventing him. Information is the dimension of the present age. How fast, how efficientRead MoreStatement of Purpose for Computer Science635 Words   |  3 Pages My inclination to see logic helped me code right from high school. I still remember the â€Å"Computer Applications† course that I took, where despite learning very basic Java, I could write snippet programs. I was fascinated with loops and arrays and was surprised how easily I could learn to apply logic and get the required output. An undergraduate program in Information Science and Engineering gave me the exposure to core concepts of programming and hands on experience across categories like –utilityRead MoreStatement of Purpose Computer Science Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE My four years of undergraduate studies in CS at PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore and my exposure and penchant for research have made the choice of further study, for me, an obvious one. My goal is to pursue a career in research, either in industry or in academia. Ten years from now, I envisage myself as a full-fledged research professional in an organization, or a faculty member at one of the leading universities. The first step towards my objective would be to pursueRead MoreA Statement of Purpose: Computer Science Essay545 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Purpose Course applied: Computer Science My passion for Computers developed when my fingers felt the first touch of it. The abstruse world of computers fascinated me to penetrate the technology and learn more about it, when I was in my 6th grade. The passion for this ever changing technology of computers enthralled me to take up graduation in Computer Science, further to go for research in this stream. My ambition towards this subject andRead MoreStatement of Purpose: Master in Computer Science602 Words   |  2 Pages Statement of Purpose/Computer Science Master Playing games on my fathers computer as a child fascinated me in the way the computer works, how fast it develops, and now how the computer helps the world to communicate. It still amazes me in how fast computers change and how communication across the globe is enhanced with the computer. Computers have drastically changed how society lives and does business. Even small businesses can do global sales without leaving their location. With new strategiesRead MoreStatement of Purpose on Computer Science and Management614 Words   |  3 Pageshave been fascinated by technology since childhood. This motivated me to pursue my bachelor’s degree in the field of Computer Science, which exposed me to programming languages such as C, C++ and JAVA. I also learnt the concepts of Data Structures, Algorithm Analysis and Design, DBMS, Data Warehousing and Data Mining. My inclination towards exploring the practical domain of computers led to my involvement in many projects like ‘Virtual DOS using JAVA’, ‘Steganography’ and ‘Hotel Management System’Read MoreStatement of Purpose for Master in Computer Science540 Words   |  2 Pagesachievement and begin to replace youth with wisdom, innocence with understanding, and lack of purpose with self-actualization. -Bo Bennett I present upon myself a precious gift of â€Å"Curiosity† which made me what I am today in the field of Computer Science. The quote attributes to my tendency to pursue the path of knowledge and passion to reach this goal with due diligence and perseverance. I have chosen Computer Science as major during Bachelors and pruned the knowledge with industry experience at Tata ConsultancyRead MoreEssay on Statement of Purpose for a Masters of Computer Science940 Words   |  4 Pages Statement of Purpose Security of computer systems and networking has become an issue of extreme importance due to the rapid increase in Internet usage. Making computer systems and Internet more secure for the society is the goal that I have set for myself. I have continued to make serious efforts in this direction during my undergraduate education and presently at software industry. My urge to continue my efforts aggressively propelled my interests to pursue Masters of Computer Science at theRead MoreStatement of Purpose for a Masters Degree in Computer Science 798 Words   |  3 PagesMy decision to undertake a master’s degree stems from my aspiration to have greater knowledge about Computer Science, an avid interest in the field of Software Engineering and a stimulating research environment present at the University of Pennsylvania. By pursuing a graduate degree, I will be able to strengthen my knowledge base and also further my career prospects. One of the greatest discoveries in the past few decades has been the Internet. It has revolutionised how we live, made distanceRead MoreEssay on Statement of Purpose for MS in Computer Science640 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Statement MS in Computer Science, University of Illinois Being naturally intrigued about Computers, I pursued my undergraduate studies in Computer Science and Engineering at College of Engineering Trivandrum, University of Kerala, India. I intend to do my higher education in Computer Science and would like to get enrolled into the Masters Program at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign starting Fall ‘14. My Interest in science started in early childhood. I was fascinated by

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

What Causes Air Pollution And What Effect Does It Have On...

TOPIC: What causes air pollution and what effect does it have on us. SPECIFIC PURPOSE: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to understand what is air pollution, what causes air pollution and what effect does it have on us. INTRODUCTION: What is air? That is the answer I want you to ask yourself. Air is an essential thing we need in our life. It is the most important thing in our life. Compare to food and water, air would be first because without air we would die instantly, without food we can last 1-2 month and without water 2-3 week. In the past decade we have tremendously tainted our air causing it to be polluted in a way that has hurt us more than help us. CENTRAL IDEA: Understanding what air pollution is, what it can cause and the effect it has on us. PREVIEW: Today I’m going to explained to you what is air and how precious it is to our life. [Transition: Let s me start by explaining what is air] BODY: I. What is air and why is it important to us. A. Air is very important to us because it is what we need to stay alive. 1. Air is what keeps us alive, we wake up every day breathing air. 2. Air is consists of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and other gases. 3. Air is an invisible gases that cannot be seen. [Transition: Now that we have learn what is air that bring us to what causes air to be polluted.] B. What is air pollution? 1. Pollution is a harmful material that introduces itself to air. 2. Air pollution occur when the air contain: gas, fume,Show MoreRelatedPollution Pollution is the contamination of the environment which is a serious problem that1700 Words   |  7 Pages Pollution Pollution is the contamination of the environment which is a serious problem that causes instability, disorder, harm and discomfort to the ecosystem and those who live in it. There are many types of pollution such as water pollution, air pollution, sound pollution, soil pollution etc. Pollution happens every single day and it has now become the way of living. Among the many types of water pollutants such as chemical, microbiological, ground, and surface water pollutants; Oil spillsRead MoreThe Pollution Of China Air Pollution1473 Words   |  6 Pages120 4/30/2015 Air Pollution in China â€Å"Anyone s life truly lived consists of work, sunshine, exercise, soap, plenty of fresh air, and a happy contented spirit,† -Lillie Langtry(BrainyQuote); air is important part of life without we cannot live, yet the people in China breath in pollution air which is slowing killing their population. Most of us take the air we breathe for granted and never stop to think that we are slowly causing theRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Our Lives1304 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent years, air pollution has been the main cause of health problems in this society. Air pollution has caused so many health related sickness to the life we live in now. Air pollution has brought in high increases of poisonous gases that impact the weather by global warming, and the air we breathe. As we breathe this toxic air we get in the same chemicals that are mostly found in cigarettes. Some people could get many diseases breathing this kind of air today, because the cigarettes have so many chemi calsRead MorePollution And Polution Solution722 Words   |  3 PagesPollution Solution When you think of the environment, what do you see? There are beautiful oceans, scenery, and wonderful fresh air. But, if you take a closer look, you will see all of the pollution in every one of these places. We will discuss each of these places and the pollution in them. We will also see the types of pollution and how we can help to minimize it. Everybody needs to take care of the Earth and take action to minimize pollution because with everyones help, we can do it. PollutionRead MoreNature and our responsibility towards it1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdepend in our everyday lives. Food, water, and clean air are three natural resources that we depend on constantly. We have a responsibility towards these resources and that’s to not deplete them. We have to stand up and take responsibility and save the resource before they are all gone. If we deplete these resources the human species will die out. First we have to take responsibility and not deplete our natural resources because they feed us. Animals eat natural resources such as grass, hay, andRead MoreThe Pollution Of The Air Pollution1679 Words   |  7 PagesMost people have felt or took in the air pollutants coming from a car but little did they know what the consequences that smell or the soot may present. The black smoke, and sometimes invisible pollutants, are causing harm all over the earth without people realizing it. Car pollution can cause disruption to human s health, the environment, and the cities in just a matter of time and in many different ways. The air pollution from cars contains various components that all can factor into harmingRead MoreCritical Sources For The Pollution1207 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Source for the Pollution When there is a pasture that can be used freely, all the farmers who raise cows would bring as much cows as they can to feed them and take a benefit from it. Without rule or law it is human’s nature to behave selfishly and try to get more advantage for oneself. According to Hardin’s article, â€Å"The tragedy of the commons†, he addresses that commons in our society exists in many different ways and these commons are becoming tragedy to our lives. This tragedy, actingRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The World1299 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Pollution Environmental pollution is a very serious problem in American and the world. Environmental pollution has many different faces from air pollution to water pollution. But the main one I am going to focus on is air pollution and how it affects us in a negative way. In this paper I am going to show you how air pollution can affect us and how it can affect the world. I am also going to show how we can prevent pollution from getting any more out of hand that it already has. AccordingRead MoreThe Quality of Our Air Essay539 Words   |  3 PagesOur Air Is the air that we are breathing killing us? In this speech you will learn all that you need to know about air pollution. First I will give you the causes of air pollution, then I will list the effects of it, and finally I will tell you how we can prevent air pollution. The average person takes about twenty thousand breaths a day, obviously air is essential to life. Well imagine that the air that you are breathing may be killing you, many diseases are aggravated by air pollution. ScientistsRead MoreThe Effects Of Pollution On Our Planet1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe world we live in is constantly changing with the ways of pollution. How long is it going to be until people start to worry about the damage we are doing to our own home? Many people and families are being affected by pollution every single day. It can cause a variety of health problems that can possibly even lead to death. It’s extremely difficult for people to live in heavily polluted areas. The effects of pollut ion can sometimes last a lifetime. Not just on humans, but animals and plants too

Monday, December 9, 2019

Marketing Companies in UK

Question: Dicuss about the Marketing Companies in UK. Answer: Introduction The business sentiment is tough to understand after the referendum on 23rd June 2016, but majorly the business sector looks vulnerable as they need to reassure the markets. According to Elliott (2016), the economics editor of "The Guardian", the services have taken a hit other than the manufacturing sector as the manufacturers are saved due to the value of the pound that has made the exports cheaper. On the other hand, the UK doing business in the European Union will lead to tariffs on the UK manufactured goods by the European Union. Implication of the Vote Conversely, in another article by Elliott Fletcher (2016), opined that the manufacturers are an all-time low since February 2013. This can be evident in the Market analysis that compiles the data in purchasing managers index (PMI). However, according to Chris Williamson, the business activities in UK decreasing at a faster rate since the global economic crisis in 2009. The UK PMI and GDP can be compared in the figure below to view the deterioration in the economy (Wearden, 2016). Comparison of UK PMI and GDP Source: (Wearden, 2016) Britain's marketers are under pressure but according to Mailjet study in March 2016 found out that the 31% believe that its good for the business while 42% feel that it might not be advantageous for the business. The outcome of Brexit has been far reaching as the consumer confidence has been 18 points lower than what was a year ago as the study stated by GFK (Bacon, 2016). Positive Aspects The positive aspects of UK businesses in EU will lead by having their own regulatory body without altering the ethical standards of the British marketers that they already adhere to. Conversely, the post-Brexit landscape on multinational companies like Toyota and BMW have backed up the business and will be functioning in EU but Audi and Land Rover are in the process to rescue their South Wales steel plants as they believe that their survival might be jeopardized due to Brexit (Inman, 2016). On the other hand, there might be a possibility of expansion in the small business as the tax laws do not constrain them. Additionally, the potential clients might be saved both from time and money in force from the EU (Bearne Lock, 2016). Nevertheless, the competitive nature of the business has been enhanced due to the wiped value of the pound percentage points that have knocked off the margins. As a result, not all stocks is imported which helps in providing the ongoing stability that lowers not only the net impact of the balance sheet but also increased the mobility of global capital. The contradicting fact lies in the proposition that even outside EU, UK has locational advantages for the international business. The fresh evaluation of choice in the marketing companies have stated that they are of the high likelihood that separatist movements might emerge (Cave, 2016). Negative Aspects Adverse aspects of the referendum on marketing companies have been outlined according to the viewpoints of different marketers. WPP CEO Sir Martin Sorrell has been gloomy of the market as UK will no longer be a part of EU which might impact the advertising business. UK might lose influence in different countries like Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Moreover, the tariff, trade costs as well as new barriers will be more that could impact the economic strength of the country. UK doing business in EU have been of utmost questionable authority (Bacon, 2016). On the other hand, the biggest risk is imposed on the competitiveness of small firms. However, uncertainty in the business world highlights the dealing of risks to gauge the outcome. The CEO of Rolls-Royce Torsten Mller-tvsis is of the view that employment will be affected as men and women with skilled employees are from EU countries which will represent the businesses in EU and not in UK (Inman, 2016). Personal Implication The business dependence on EU will not be beneficial for the company as inevitable consequences may overshadow all the positive aspects. To start with uncertainty in the business world, the one thing that highlights the issue are the factors such as new trade agreements and whether it will depend on WTO model or not. Moreover, the EU customers are likely to remain significant in the market, but the manufacturers of BSI standard products will not be accessible to EU markets. The barriers to investment are the other factor that is inevitable due to the overly complicated taxation system, the cost of employment and the tight planning laws undertaken after Brexit. The only cloud that surrounds the business in UK is uncertainty and risk that affects investments and hiring for employment (Cass, et al., 2016). References Bacon, J. (2016).What would Brexit mean for marketers?Marketing Week. Retrieved 24 July 2016, from https://www.marketingweek.com/2016/05/05/what-would-brexit-mean-for-marketers/ Bearne, S. Lock, H. (2016).Opportunity or disaster? Small firms describe the impact of the Brexit vote.The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2016/jul/03/opportunity-or-disaster-small-firms-describe-the-impact-of-the-brexit-vote Cass, I., Elliott, L., Dhingra, S., Van Reenan, J. (2016).Would Brexit make UK businesses less competitive?The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2016/jun/07/brexit-make-uk-businesses-less-competitive Cave, B. (2016).Brexit: What does it mean for companies doing business in the UK? | Lexology.Lexology.com. Retrieved 24 July 2016, from https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1fea8283-0b17-497e-8f4f-1fa55e6e3774 Elliott, L. (2016).Post-Brexit economy may actually be worse than Markit's survey suggests.The Guardian. Retrieved 23 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jul/22/post-brexit-economy-may-actually-be-worse-than-markits-survey-suggests Elliott, L. Fletcher, N. (2016).Britain's economy shrinking at fastest rate since 2009, says survey. The Guardian. Retrieved 23 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/22/britains-economy-shrinking-at-fastest-rate-since-2009-says-survey Inman, P. (2016).What would British business be like after Brexit? The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/18/british-business-after-brexit Wearden, G. (2016).Hammond says Brexit has hit confidence as UK economy shrinks sharply as it happened.The Guardian. Retrieved 23 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2016/jul/22/surveys-brexit-impact-uk-eurozone-g20-lagarde-sports-direct-live?page=with:block-5791d998e4b00b50d2e0fd5d#block-5791d998e4b00b50d2e0fd5d

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Magic and Science of Ancient Egyptian Medicine free essay sample

We are lucky that today we have advanced methods and techniques of dealing with our illnesses and injuries. Lazers, CAT scans and blood tests enable contemporary physicians to accurately diagnose and treat whatever it is ailing us. These physicians have also had years of training and have studied medicine in depth. Imagine not having any of the conveniences of modern medicine; no well-trained doctors to treat and no modern machine to help with diagnosing. What was available were (up until about 150 years ago) â€Å"doctors† who were self-taught, usually by dissecting exhumed corpses and\or by trial and error on living patients. One can only think the latter being highly unpleasant. However, falling ill or being injured in Ancient Egypt might not have been all that bad. The ancient Egyptians referred to medicine as a â€Å"necessary art† (Ghalioungi 1973:xi). This name alone tells us that medicine was as essential skill and it was practiced by people who were skilled in the science of medicine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Magic and Science of Ancient Egyptian Medicine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Egyptian medicine was not a pure science though. It also consisted of magical and mythical aspects. Upon the administering of the medicinal aspect (science), incantations were said (magic) to speed up the healing process. These incantations were directed at the deity responsible (myth). When one takes the magic and myth away and is left with the pure science of Egyptian medicine, it is quite intriguing to note that the remedies used thousands of years ago, are still used today, or form the foundation of modern treatments. For example, in Ancient Egypt, a broken nose would be treated by putting rolls of linen up each nostril in order to hold the nose’s shape during healing. Page 2. Today, broken noses are treated with an external splint and internal packing. Also, a spinal cord injury, resulting in paralyses, was known to be untreatable, as it is today. A wound to the inner ear, or perforation of the ear drum, also share the same, nearly identical ancient and contemporary treatment; the aforementioned used grease, to keep the ear dry and honey, to prevent infection, while the latter makes use of antibiotic ear drops and stern instructions to keep the ear dry, as it is unlikely that anyone today, would be willing to put grease into their ears. But how did we come to know about these ancient medical treatments? . THE EDWIN SMITH PAPYRUS The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text on surgical trauma and has been dated to the 16th-17th dynasties of the Second Intermediate Period, ca. 1600BCE. This papyrus is different to the Ebers papyrus and the London Medical Papyrus in that it deals with medicine in a scientific and rational manner, rather than being a medical text based on magic. The Papyrus begins by dealing with head in juries and then continues with treatments for neck, arm and torso injuries. Some of the titles include, â€Å"Instructions concerning a wound above his eyebrow† (Edwin Smith Papyrus: Case 10) and â€Å"Instructions concerning a crushed vertebra of his neck† (Edwin Smith Papyrus: Case 33). In this case, they speak of a man being â€Å"unconscious of his two arms and his two legs† which means the man is paralysed from the neck down. The diagnosis is â€Å"An ailment not to be treated. †, just as we are unable to treat paralysed patients today. When one reads the Edwin Smith Papyrus, it is very apparent that it was written during a war in order to treat war injuries. Page 3. 1. AUTHOURSHIP There has been much debate as to who the author was. A major part of the papyrus was written by one scribe, with only a small section being written by another. Some attribute the text to Imhotep, an architect, high pries and physician of the Old Kingdom (3000-2500BCE). Imhotep was a famous magician but â€Å"medicine was the mistress he most zealously wooed. † (Hurry 1926:23). The highest office that he held during his lifetime, was that of vizier to the Pharoah and that title must have held him in high regards with his patients. He moved in the highest of social circles and rendered fine service the bodies and spirits of this he treated. It has even been said that he, Imhotep, rather than Hippocrates, is the true father of medicine. 3. THE EBERS PAPYRUS The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550BC) is full of incantations and disgusting applications, which are intended to turn away disease-causing demons and it also includes 877 prescriptions. It may, if ancient medical terminology has been correctly interpreted, contain the earliest account of tumors. Even though it consists of incantations, which are meant to turn away disease-causing demons, it also contains evidence of empirical practice and observation. Some examples of remedies found in the Ebers Papyrus include: For cancer, which is â€Å"a tumor against the god Xenus†, it recommends â€Å"do thou nothing there against. † Today, we know that cancer is â€Å"a group of cells that has lost its normal control mechanisms and thus has unregulated growth. † (Beers 2004:944) and has nothing to do with annoying a deity. A similarity, however, is that in some cases there is nothing that can be done for some cancers. Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm) was treated by wrapping the emerging end of the worm around a stick and slowly pull it out. 3500 years later, the treatment has not changed. Page 4. These two examples are not too extreme or odd, but the other remedies are somewhat ridiculous. Ebers Prescription Number 465 offers a remedy for baldness, which involves making a mixture of: the fat of 1 lion, the fat of 1 hippo, the fat of 1 crocodile, the fat of 1 tom-cat, the fat of 1 snake and the fat of 1 Nubian Ibex. The mixture must then be rubbed into the head of a bald man. Prescription Number 250 has a unique take on curing a headache. Boil the skull of a catfish in oil, and daub the head with it for 4 days. These remedies may seem rather strange to us, but 2000 years ago, they made perfect sense. Just as we trust our modern day physicians, so did the ancients trust theirs. 4. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Most of what the ancient Egyptians knew about the human body and its physiology came from the process of mummification. During this process the internal organs were removed and more than likely studied, providing an excellent opportunity for a physiology lesson. They also learnt through observation. For example, pregnancy would have been diagnosed by pulse-rate, inclination to vomit, as well as the appearance of the eyes, breasts and skin pigmentation. (Grahlin 2007:197). 1. HEAD, HEART AND THORACIC CAVITY The Egyptians knew, just as we know today, that the head contained the vitally important brain. By reading the Edwin Smith Papyrus, it becomes very clear that they know the importance of the contents of the head. Case numbers 1-4 indicate how a head injury, that does not involve damaging to skull, should be treated. Page 5. Case numbers 5-8 indicate that an injury that has smashed the skull to any degree, must not be treated. This shows that they knew that if anything touched the brain, the effects could be serious of even fatal. The ancient Egyptians also knew about the functioning of the heart. They knew that it was the center of the blood supply with vessels attached for every member of the body. (www. crystalings. com/egyptmedicine. html:9) They also knew what a pulse was because they felt it in the head, hands, arms and legs. It is unclear whether they knew what the exact function of the liver was, but the Ebers Papyrus does give a cure for a liver complaint. Prescription number 478 says that drinking the following will cure you of your liver complaint. It is unclear what the exact complaint was. 1/8 figs, 1/8 raisins, 1/16 prt-Snj,1/16 jsw plant, 1/64 incense, 1/32 yellow ochre, 1/32 water. All this much be pressed through a sieve, and be drunk over a period of 4 days. Unusual, yes. Effective, unkown. 2. LIMBS AND INJURIES Injuries to limbs were commonplace in ancient Egypt, especially among the laborers. Dr Zahi Hawass excavated more than sex hundred pyramid workers’ tombs. None of the workers were mummified because at that time, it was still reserved for the elite but their bones told a story of a life filled with unrelenting labour. The labourers died young and â€Å"arthritis and degenerative spinal injuries from backbreaking labour were common place. † (Fagan 2001:93) The builders of the pyramids were not slaves; they were freemen. They ranked amongst the finest craftsmen that were in the Pharoah’s employ. The stone was quarried and hauled by farmers, working in annual rotations. Page 6. They were even paid for their services. These workers were well looked after and even though the suffered from injuries caused by hard labour, their injuries were treated with care that was centuries ahead of its time, such as shown in the Edwin Smith Papyrus. A lucky few, probably the higher working class and the rich, were able to get prosthetic limbs and appendages made. In the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, there is an example of a prosthetic toe. 3. DISEASE, ILLNESS AND THEIR REMEDIES AND CURES The ancient Egyptians suffered from the same diseases and illnesses as we do today but because of poor living conditions and diet, they were more susceptible to them. A common disease, Bilhazia, was caused by the Schistosoma worm, which would enter the bloodstream via the feet or legs in order to eggs in the host. It was found in standing water, so it was mainly farm workers who would get it. Diseases of the eye were also commonplace. These would have arisen from the sand particles and dirt from the environment. Many Egyptians wore eye paint containing malachite in an attempt to ward off eye infections. Removal of cloudiness of the eye (cataract) was cured in the following way; 1 rotten wood, 1 verdigris, 1 meal of the colocynth, 1 leaf of the thorny acacia, 1 pearl of resin of the African ebony tree, 1 water of the obw-plant. These ingredients must be mixed into a dough, broken up over water and be put on the outside of both eyes. (Ebers Medical Papyrus: Prescriptions Number 415) Page 7. Problems with the digestive system were usually sorted out by using the oil of the castor plant. If a person had problems passing the contents of their stomach, then chewing the fruit of the castor plant, with some beer â€Å"will remove the suffering in the belly of the man. † (Ebers Medical Papyrus: Prescription Number 251). Skin conditions, such as boils, were treated with Natron. Natron was used to draw moisture out of a body during mummification and a similar process was used to dry out skin infections. A very popular cure-all was honey. Honey is as excellent anti-bacterial because with its high sugar content, micro-organisms cannot grow in it and it would stick to the skin and wound. Raw meat was also applied to wounds. This is very similar to today’s practice of putting steak on a black eye. The meat treatment was followed by the application of honey and oil. It is unsure how the ancient Egyptians knew of these remedies, but it was more than likely through observation and trial and error, much the same way as early surgery was learnt. 5. MEDICINE AND DISPENSING Those who dispensed medicine would also have been well trained as in some instances, those who dispensed the medicine were not necessarily those who offered the cures. Magic and medicine were very closely intertwined and while the cure was being administered, an incantation or spell was said. Page 8. In many instances, a doctor was purely a doctor and would only do the practical part of the cure, such as cleaning wounds, mending bones and making diagnoses. The priests applied the remedies while chanting or circling the wound or injury with an amulet of a certain deity. The healing came from the treatments but the ancients believed that it was a combination of the treatment and the myth that healed. Of course, the priests were trained in their profession, as it would have been unlikely that anyone would have gone to them otherwise. 6. CONCLUSION The ancient Egyptians have always had a reputation of being good at whatever they did. From farming, to building to healing, they always managed to be ahead of their time. Of course, when it came to healing they did not always have the knowledge necessary to heal well or successfully but the written account of their attempts show us that they did seem to know what they were doing. Some of their techniques are still used today simply because they are the best way to treat a particular disorder. They took pride in what they did and even their dead show this care and precision. The wise, ancient physician also knew when a patient was beyond help, as in the case with certain head injuries; they knew that it would be futile to try to treat a patient with a mortal wound or injury. The modern world has learnt much from the ancient Egyptian civilization and still has much to learn from it.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Dentistry and St. Louis Essays

Dentistry and St. Louis Essays Dentistry and St. Louis Paper Dentistry and St. Louis Paper 1. American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of periodontal terms. 4th ed. Chicago: American Academy of Periodontology; 2001. *2. Anusavice KJ, Phillips RW. Phillips science of dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: W. B. Saunders; 2003. 3. Aschheim KW, Dale BG. Esthetic dentistry: a clinical approach to techniques and materials. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2001. 4. Ash MM, Nelson SJ. Wheelers dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion. 8th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2003. 5. Ash MM, Ramfjord S. Occlusion. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1995. 6. Avery JK, Chiego DJ. Essentials of oral histology and embryology: a clinical approach. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, Elsevier; 2006. 7. Bagg J. Essentials of microbiology for dental students. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. 8. Baynes JW, Dominiczak MH. Medical biochemistry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. 9. Berne RM, Levy MN, Koeppen BM, Stanton BA. Physiology. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. 10. Block MS, Kent JN, Guerra L. Implants in dentistry: essentials of endosseous implants for maxillofacial reconstruction. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1997. 11. Brown P, Herbranson E. Tooth atlas. 5th ed.: Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 2007. 12. Burt BA, Eklund SA. Dentistry, dental practice, and the community. 6th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. * 13. Carr AB, McGivney GP, Brown DT, McCracken WL. McCrackens removable partial prosthodontics. 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2005. * 14. Cohen S, Burns RC. Pathways of the pulp. 9th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, Elsevier; 2006. *15. Craig RG, Powers JM, Sakaguchi RL. Craigs restorative dental materials. 12th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. 16. Craig RG, Powers JM, Wataha JC. Dental materials: properties and manipulation. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. 17. Daskalogiannakis J. Glossary of orthodontic terms. Chicago; London: Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 2000. 18. Dorland WAN. Dorlands illustrated medical dictionary. 31st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. * 19. Enlow DH, Hans MG. Essentials of facial growth. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1996. 20. Finkbeiner B. Mosbys comprehensive review of dental assisting. Mosby; 1997. 21. Finkbeiner BL, Finkbeiner CA. Practice management for the dental team. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2006. 22. Forest D. Medecine buccale: methodologie du diagnostic. 2e ed. Boucherville, Quebec: G. Morin; 1994. 23. Gage TW, Pickett FA. Mosbys dental drug reference. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. 24. Gartner LP, Hiatt JL. Color textbook of histology. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders; 2007. 25. Gluck GM, Morganstein WM. Jongs community dental health. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003. * 26. Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL. Orthodontics: current principles techniques. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. * 27. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2006. 28. Haines DE. Fundamental neuroscience for basic and clinical applications. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2006. * 29. Brunton LL, Lazo J, Parker K. Goodman Gilmans pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 11th ed. : McGraw-Hill; 2006. * 30. Ingle JI. PDQ endodontics. 5th ed. : BC Decker Inc. ; 2005. 31. Ingle JI, Bakland LK. Endodontics. 5th ed. Hamilton, Ont. London: BC Decker Inc. ; 2002. 32. Jekel JF. Epidemiology, biostatistics, and preventive medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007. 33. Jordan RE. Esthetic composite bonding: techniques and materials. 2nd ed. St. Louis;Toronto: Mosby Year Book; 1993. *34. Katzung BG. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 10th ed. : McGraw-Hill Professional; 2007. 35. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Robbins SL, Cotran RS. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease / [edited by] Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson Fausto ; with. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. * 36. Kumar V, Robbins SL. Robbins basic pathology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007. 37. Langlais RP. Exercises in oral radiology and interpretation. 4th ed. St. Louis: Saunders; 2004. 38. Liebgott B. The anatomical basis of dentistry. 2nd ed. St. Louis; Toronto: Mosby; 2001. *39. Little JW. Dental management of the medically compromised patient. 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2008. 40. Logan BM, Reynolds PA, Hutchings RT, McMinn RMH. McMinns color atlas of head and neck anatomy. 3rd ed. Edinburgh; Toronto: Mosby; 2004. 41. Lund JP. Orofacial pain: from basic science to clinical management. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 2001. 42. Malamed SF. Sedation: a guide to patient management. 4th ed. St. Louis; Toronto: Mosby; 2003. 43. Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia. 5th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2004. 44. Malamed SF, Orr DL. Medical emergencies in the dental office.6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. 45. Male D. Immunology. 7th ed. : Mosby Inc. ; 2006. *46. McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. * 47. Misch CE. Contemporary implant dentistry. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1999. 48. Mohl ND. A textbook of occlusion. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 1988. 49. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003. 50. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. 51. Nanci A, Ten Cate AR. Ten Cates oral histology: development, structure, and function. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003. *52. Neville BW. Oral maxillofacial pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia; Toronto: W. B. Saunders; 2002. *53. Newman MG. Carranzas clinical periodontology. 10th ed. : W. B. Saunders; 2006. 54. Nisengard RJ, Newman MG. Oral microbiology and immunology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia; Montreal: Saunders; 1994. 55. Nizel AE, Papas AS. Nutrition in clinical dentistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1989. 56. Nolte J, Sundsten JW. The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy. 5th ed. St. Louis; Toronto: Mosby; 2002. 57. Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 5th ed. St. Louis; Toronto: Mosby; 2003. * 58. Peterson LJ. Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003. *59. Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, DeFreest CF, Stewart KL. Stewarts clinical removable partial prosthodontics. 3rd ed. Chicago: Quintessence; 2003. 60. Pinkham JR. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. 4th ed. Philadelphia; London: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. * 61. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. * 62. Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations. 4th ed. St. Louis: Saunders; 2003. * 63. Roberson TM, Heymann H, Swift EJ, Sturdevant CM. Sturdevants art and science of operative dentistry. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. * 64. Rose LF, Mealey BL. Periodontics: medicine, surgery and implants. Elsevier Mosby; 2004. *65. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2006. * 66. Samaranayake LP. Essential microbiology for dentistry. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2006. * 67. Sapp JP, Eversole LR, Wysocki GP. Contemporary oral and maxillofacial pathology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. 68. Shillingburg HT, Jacobi R, Brackett SE. Fundamentals of tooth preparations for cast metal and porcelain restorations. 2nd ed. : Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 1991. * 69. Shillingburg HT. Fundamentals of fixed prosthodontics. 3rd ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 1997. 70. Sonis ST, Fazio RC, Fang LST. Principles and practice of oral medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1995. * 71. Standring S, Ellis H, Healey JC. Grays anatomy, the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 39th ed. : Elsevier; 2005. 72. Stevens A, Lowe JS, Young B. Wheaters basic histopathology: a colour atlas and text. 4th ed. Edinburgh; Toronto: Churchill Livingstone; 2002. *73. Summitt JB. Fundamentals of operative dentistry: a contemporary approach. 3rd ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co. ; 2006. * 74. Walton RE, Torabinejad M. Principles and practice of endodontics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia; London: Saunders; 2002. * 75. Weine FS. Endodontic therapy. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. * 76. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. *77. Wood NK. Review of diagnosis, oral medicine, radiology, and treatment planning. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1999. 78. Yagiela JA, Dowd FJ, Neidle EA. Pharmacology and therapeutics for dentistry. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. 79. Young B. Wheaters functional histology: a text and colour atlas. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2006. * 80. Zarb GA, Bolender CL, Eckert SE. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients: complete dentures and implant-supported prostheses. 12th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. 81. Zwemer T. Mosbys dental dictionnary. 2nd ed. : Mosby Inc. ; 2004.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

All About the Empire State Building

All About the Empire State Building The Empire State Building is one of the most famous buildings in the world. It was the tallest building in the world when it was built in 1931 and kept that title for nearly 40 years. In 2017, it was ranked as the fifth tallest building in the United States, topping out at 1,250 feet. The total height, including the lightning rod, is 1,454 feet, but this number is not used for ranking. It is located at 350 Fifth Avenue (between 33rd and 34th streets) in New York City. The Empire State Building is open every day from 8 a.m. to 2 a.m., making possible romantic late-night visits to the observation decks. The Building of the Empire State Building Construction began in March 1930, and it was officially opened on May 1, 1931, when then-President Herbert Hoover pushed a button in Washington and turned on the lights.The ESB was designed by the architects Shreve, Lamb Harmon Associates and built by Starrett Bros. Eken. The building cost $24,718,000 to build, which was nearly half the expected cost because of the effects of the  Great Depression.   Though rumors of hundreds of people dying on the work site circulated during the time of its construction, official records say that only five workers died. One worker was struck by a truck; a second fell down an elevator shaft; a third was hit by a hoist; a fourth was in a blast area;  a fifth fell off a scaffold. Inside the Empire State Building The first thing you encounter as you enter the Empire State Building is the lobby - and what a lobby this is. It was restored in 2009 to its authentic art deco design that includes ceiling murals in 24-karat gold and aluminum leaf. On the wall is an iconic  image of the building with light flowing from its mast. The ESB has two observation decks. The one on the 86th floor, the main deck, is the highest open-air deck in New York.  This is the deck thats been made famous in countless movies; two iconic ones are An Affair to Remember and Sleepless in Seattle. From this deck, which wraps around the spire of the ESB, you get a 360-degree view of New York that includes the Statue of Liberty, Brooklyn Bridge, Central Park, Times Square and the Hudson and East rivers. The top deck of the building, on the 102nd floor, gives you the most stunning view possible of New York and a birds-eye view of the street grid, impossible to see from a lower level. On a clear day you can see for 80 miles, says the ESB website. The Empire State Building also houses shops and restaurants that include the State Bar and Grill, which serves breakfast, lunch and dinner in an art deco setting. Its off the 33rd Street lobby. Besides all these touristy attractions, the Empire State Building is home to rentable space for businesses. The ESB has 102 floors, and if youre in good shape and want to walk from street level to the 102nd floor, you will climb 1,860 steps. Natural light shines through 6,500 windows, which also afford spectacular views of Midtown Manhattan. Empire State Building Lights Since 1976 the ESB has been lit up to mark celebrations and events. In 2012, LED lights were installed - they can display 16 million colors that can be changed in an instant. To find out the lights schedule, check the Empire State Building website, linked above.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Situational Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Situational Leadership - Research Paper Example Latest research found that most leaders exhibited one of four combinations of task and relationship behaviors (Smith, Waller, and Warnock, 1989, p.1). Ken Blanchard and Paul Hersey developed a situational theory of leadership style. Their model of leadership shows that the practice of leading other employees requires one to be able to adopt job experience and skills of the individual employees. There are several theories that try to explain the actual perception and mentality a true leader should have, but all in all, a situational leader is required to be able to adapt their leadership skills according to the needs of the employees and perform it effectively according to situational context (Blanchard & Hersey, 2010). An effective or/and efficient leader is a leader who practices a behavioral and situational leadership. This kind of leader should be able to test different compromising situation to be able to determine which style of leadership will be successful in a particular situation (Lyons & Goldsmith, 2006, p.27). Effective leaders have the potential, interests, abilities and exemplary personality behavior to lead than non-effective leaders. They have the desire and willingness to lead others in the right way because they are always empowered by full confidence all the time. Not all successful leaders are effective or situational leaders, but the most successful ones have higher intelligence and emotional maturity (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2007, p.216). Successful leaders have the desire to achieve better results in whatever position they are holding. They keep on seeking one goal after the other without depending on employees for motivation in achieving these goals. One has always a higher sense of integrity by strictly following and practicing the laid down set of values (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2007, p.217). An effective leader

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Prader willi syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Prader willi syndrome - Essay Example However it is believed that the disease occurs in the children whose family shows history of chromosomal aberrations (Kumar et al 2005). Signs and Symptoms The signs and symptoms of Prader Willi syndrome change over time as it is seen that toddlers and adolescents behave differently when suffering from it. The infants suffering from the syndrome have a poor muscle tone with poor reflexes such as the sucking reflex. They also suffer from lethargy and usually have a retarded growth. As these children grow up they show different signs and symptoms. The toddlers show delayed development of the body lacking language and walking skills. The toddlers also show behavioral problems such as high temper and rudeness. As the child further grows up he faces from other problems. The primary problem that these children face is obesity which is caused by the increasing urge to eat. The behavioral problems with the children have worsened by this time and they tend to be more inflexible. These childre n also face learning disabilities because of which they are not competitive enough. They also show loss of sexual functions which is because of the loss of hormones in these children (PubMed Health 2009; NYU Languone Medical Center). Diagnosis The diagnosis of children with Prader Willi would be done on the basis of the symptoms of the disease. Hypotonia and almond shaped eyes are some of the symptoms which can lead to the diagnosis of the disorder. In some male infants it is also seen that they have an undescended testis which is a characteristic feature of the Prader Willi syndrome. The laboratory tests can further help to confirm the onset of the syndrome in a child. The tests would confirm the level of obesity in the child. Abnormal glucose and insulin tests are used to confirm the level of obesity. The level of hormones is also checked in the child to confirm that he is suffering from the syndrome. Children with Prader Willi syndrome show decreased functionality of the sexual h ormones (Mayo Clinic 2011; Pub Med Health 2009). Treatment of the Prader Willi Syndrome Many researches are being carried out to find out the viability of the treatment options offered to treat the syndrome. It has been found that these treatment options help in improving the conditions of the children suffering from the syndrome. Children suffering from the syndrome usually suffer because of their low caloric diet and thus their diet should be maintained such that their body can grow with ease. Hormonal treatment is considered to be one of the most important in treating the Prader Willi syndrome. Research has shown that growth hormone is very effective in treating children with the Prader Willi syndrome. The treatment of the syndrome by growth hormone in United States was approved in the year of 2000 and ever since the treatment option is considered by many of the physicians. Growth hormone helps to decrease the bodily fat and increase the metabolic rate of the body. Hence in other words the hormone helps to decrease the level of obesity in the children. However on the other hand research has also shown that in some cases growth hormone may worsen the condition of these children. Sleep Apnea or difficulty in breathing while sleeping can be triggered because of growth hormone therapy. It is because of these side effects that in some cases it is recommended that a growth hormone therapy is not given to the child suffering from th

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Assignment of Work Base Learning Essay Example for Free

Assignment of Work Base Learning Essay 1. Introduction. This assignment is to evaluate my role in the job Im currently doing and upto what extent its been helpful in my personal development. As I m currently working in fright forwarding industry (Shipping), I have chosen this job to finish my assignment of work base learning. It would be easier for me to choose this job to finish my educational assignment instead of going volunteering job somewhere else. This will also affect my attendance in current work place. 1.1 Company Profile- Reisa Freight Ltd. is a U.K. based company engaged in import and export activities. As a company we supply our services to buyers, exporters and importers for their international transportation needs. Reisa freight Ltd. acts as a middle man / agent working globally with agents in several countries. We handles export from shippers or manufacturers warehouse to buyers warehouse not end users. 1.2 Job Profile- The main purpose of my role is to coordinate with customers, prepare relevant docs and coordination with back office or operations for smooth activity. This job role requires efficiency, accuracy and completion in given time frame. My job is also involved with coordination with airlines to ensure pre-booked space for upcoming cargo during the week. This avoids last minute problem. In short this work required a solid planning and in-time execution. Also it requires understanding People at Work, including understanding others interests, motivations and competence. In short, Developing and reviewing relationships with others (manager, colleagues, team members, customers and suppliers etc) including agreeing respective roles, responsibilities, rights and expectations booking cargo space on ship, airplane, train, or any other form of goods/cargo transportation, route planning, various documentation, export packing, insurance, warehouse, collection and delivery consignment. 2. Main Body- During my seven months of tenure I have learned how to gain necessary skills and what I needed most. There are certain skills which I need to improve and some others I have achieved while working with Reisa freight Ltd. I have discussed all these in following paragraphs. 2.1 Skills that need some developments. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Communication- Major hurdle with me here the language. Being English as my second language I find it as biggest hurdle to improve my communication skill. There is a lot more development since I started but there is still lot more to do to bring it upto a level where it is acceptable as high standard. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Decision-making- I find my self uncomfortable while making important decision which requires my independency. I have only spent 7 months in total as working person. I would need to have more experience of work to gain my confident in decision making. Some education in learning skill would definitely help me which Im planning to intake after finishing my graduation. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Leadership- Being an un-experienced in past and total 7 months of work experience I see a lot more to do with leadership skill. Leadership skills require work experience and a standard of education which I will gain after my studies. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Analysing- Being a new employee in the field I see a lack of analysing skill to analyse the situation and plan things accordingly. This makes me to be depended on my seniors and old employees. I personally think that this would be developed while the time spent with work and putting my efforts to plan it from the beginning and executing it upto the end. In my job profile I have been given chance to analyse each shipment from the beginning and act as necessary and accordingly. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Problem Solving- Due to the lack of decision making, it directly affects my problem solving skills. As a new employee I havent been given chance to make decisions of my own which will be given to me after a specific time spent with in the company. Now because I cannot make decisions I will have to rely on my seniors to give me instructions in these types of situation which will lead to problem solving directly from decision makers at above post not me. 2.2 Skills scored highest with. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Planning- My job profile requires a pre-planned activity which is a base of service commitment to customers. First w learn in this business is to plan things and then execute. The planning doesnt give a hundred percent surety of desired results but it leads to a way to execute right thing and a right time. I personally feel that my job responsibilities made me well enough to deal with planning skill. Its adding something extra everyday to my skill. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Monitoring- Once the planning has been made and executed second step comes to monitor it on each and every step. A break any where in the planning chain may fail the whole assignment. The purpose of my monitoring is to take care of assignment and rectify problems as soon as and wherever they come up. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Reviewing- Reviewing the work everyday gives me efficiency and proficiency in my work. A skilled reviewing gives an idea what needs to be done. During the work I have learned that reviewing all our daily deeds gives us experience and probable outcomes of next day and future. This also shows the performance improvement. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Prioritising- As a worker I learned how to priorities my work. Its a way of placing an order of priorities what needs doing and when. This can be achieved by Setting objectivise and goals. Its an important aspect of decision making. In my work priorities has importance as we will have to make decisions depend on the situations. For examples in a situation where buyer needs all his order with several suppliers in once, but due to problem with space allocation we may have to make own decision sometime to priorities to particular orders or shipments. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Reporting- My job profile is to work as an executive. I have responsibilities and direct reporting to my seniors. I need to report all my day to day activities that its understandable and most important is acceptable. An acceptable standard of work has been gained through the work experience. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Motivating- Motivation is necessity in every success. De-motivation will lead to failure in the job and work assignment. I have learned that how to challenge my negative thoughts. It helps me to realise possibilities of my future. 3. Monitoring my self- level achieved. Presentation Skills Competent Speaker- able to talk to small groups of my peers albeit a little nervously. Written Skills- Good Creative- able to use comparison, example, similes, metaphors, vocabulary and other tools. Organisational/Planning Skills- Limited- can plan and organise my own time to achieve targets. Team-working Skills- Good- Able to work well in a team of people and to perform a number of team roles. 4. Conclusion There is Overall performance satisfaction within the organisation and as recognised by senior level. Seven months of tenure within the firm was spent just as a trainee. This helped me to gain a lot. But still there is a long way to go and far more to achieve what I thought before. There is lot more confidence required while taking the necessary decisions. An uncomfortable situation always leads to lose either big or small. Currently Im working with the help of other experienced staff which also de motivates me to take my own initiative. But in nearer future I hope for responsibilities with an independent role. That will surely help me to gain improved skills and goals. For sometime I have had a loose idea of the goals I would like to achieve in the short to medium term. Now that I have set my self a deadline Im confident and assured to achieve that. However I would like to improve my self confidence increase my motivation to achieve the most out of my work. I would like to eliminate the attitude that holds me back and cause hassles to it and finally unhappiness. I would like to increase my pride and satisfaction in my achievements advantages of goal settings. I would like to increase my self confidence from the current level and perform better in all areas of my works.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Cleopatra :: Essays Papers

Cleopatra II. Summary: After the completion of the book, it had let me to believe the book was written for the general audience. Although the author provided many resources, the information was taken from literature that was written during the time. Therefore, some of the quotes were biased either against or favored Cleopatra. For an example of bias against her, the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus called her a â€Å"wicked creature, who was a slave to her lusts, but she still imagined that she wanted everything she could think of, and did her utmost to gain it†¦. As for Antony, he was so entirely overcome by this woman that†¦ he was some way or other bewitched to do whatever she would have him do.† On the contrary, here is an example of bias in favor of Cleopatra: â€Å"a princess well versed in the sciences, disposed to the study of philosophy and counting scholars among her intimate friends. She was the author of works on medicine, charms, and other divisions of the natural scie nces.† This was taken from a tenth-century Arab historian Al Masudi. The author allowed his readers to conclude their own interpretation of Cleopatra by stating both sides of the story. The book was broken down into eight chapters. These chapters spanned the time from 332 B.C. to 30 B.C. In the beginning of the book, it began the story of Cleopatra with Alexander the Great liberating Egypt from Persian control. However, the bulk of the chapters concentrated at 69 B.C. and ended 30 B.C. with the birth and death of Cleopatra. The story of Cleopatra began with her rein over Egypt as queen. This was when she allied and companioned with Caesar in attempt to strengthen her power. It was not long before Caesar was assassinated and his close friend and a powerful general Mark Antony denounced the conspirators. Not long after Caesar’s death, Antony and Cleopatra fell in love and ruled Rome and Egypt together. Together, they had formed an alliance strong enough to take down the most powerful force in the world at the time, Rome. The fall of Antony and Cleopatra began when they were defeated at Actium in Greece against Octavian’s Roman army. Towards the end of the book, the author went into details on the true love that existed between Antony and Cleopatra.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Employee Welfare

1. 1 WHAT IS WELFARE Welfare  is the provision of a minimal level of  well-being  and social support  for all citizens, sometimes referred to as  public aid. In most developed countries, welfare is largely provided by the government, in addition to  charities, informal social groups, religious groups, and inter-governmental organizations. The work place should provide reasonable amenities for its good working. The betterment of workers conditions must produce more from the employer down rather than the forced up by demand from below. It is also important because the labour is contented.Well housed, well fed, well looked after it is not only an asset to the labour in the country. Therefore welfare is also fundamentally in the interest of the large society as the health, happiness and efficieny of each individual contributes the general well being of all. The concept of welfare is dynamic in nature and vary from country to country and from time to time and even in the same country depending up on the value system , social institutions, degree of industrialization and general level social and economic development.According to Frederic Engels, â€Å" labour is the source of all wealth it is next to nature , which supplies with the materials that it converts in to wealth but it is even definitely more than this†. 1. 2 EMPLOYEE WELFARE Employee welfare work aims at providing such service facilities and amenities to the workers employed in factories and industries healthy, congenial surroundings conductive to good health and high moral. The aim or objectives of welfare activities is partly humanistic to enable the workers to enjoy a fuller and richer life.The relevant and necessity of welfare work in India ,can be easily realized if one observe pitiable working condition of workers in the country. Stable and effective labour force cannot be build up with an improvement in the condition of life and work in the industrial centre. The development of co mmunity and society depends on the development of labour . The importance of labour welfare is beyond the stage is debate and is recognized on as integrate part of industrial tradition in all industrially advances countries.Labour is the vital part of business part of organizationand management , and now a day attach more importance to human angel . Increases the productivity , as well as productive efficiently of the workers and induce in them new spirit self realization . The importance of welfare measures was accept was early as 1931, when the labour commission on labour stated that, the benefits which go under thus nomenclature of great importance workers of which he is unable to secure by himself.Labour welfare is one of the major determinants of industrial relation. Encyclopedia of social sciences defines welfare workers as â€Å"voluntary efforts of the employer to establish with in existing industrial system , working and sometime living and cultural condition of the employ ers beyond what is required by law. The welfare of labouring classes must be one of the first carriers of every employee. The betterment of workers condition must preceed more from the employees. The work space should provide with reasonable amenities for his essential needs.The concept of welfare and dynamic in nature and vary from country and from time to time and even in the same country depending up on is value system , social institutions, degree of industrialization and general level of social and economic development. Welfare activities are partly humanitarian partly economic and partly civil. It is humanitarian as its aim is providing certain facilities and amenities of life to the workers which they themselves cannot provide; it promotes a sense of responsibility and dignity among workers and to make them better citizen.According to Frederic Engles, â€Å"labour is the source of all wealth; it is next to nature , which supplies its material that convert in to wealth . But it is even definitely more than this. † 1. 3 WELFARE AS CONCEPTS Indian national congress in its karachi resolution stated that the self guard in the interest of the industrial workers and shall secure then by suitable legislation , by the living wage. Healthy working condition and limited hours of work, suitable machinery for settlement of disputes between employees and workmen and protest against old age sickness and unemployment .Anything done for intellectual , physical and moral and economic betterment of the workers , whether by employers, by the govt. or by the other agencies over and above what is laid down by the laws of the land, is labour welfare. International organization report refers with regard to labour welfare as â€Å"such service facilities and amenities which may be established in or in the vicinity of undertaking to enable the persons employed in perform their working healthy, congenial surroundings and provided with amenities conductive to good health a nd high moral. 1. 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY * It helps to improve recruitment. As the job becomes more attractive, more efficient employees can be recruited. * Employee welfare improves the morale and loyalty of workers by making them happy and satisfied. * It reduces labor turnover and absenteeism thereby building a stable workforce. * It helps to increase employee productivity or efficiency by improving their physical and mental health. 1. 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY Employee welfare is vital for the survival of any industry.The machines and materials in an industry could be operated only by human beings, and when there is a group of people there are chances of conflicts and should be resolved at the earliest . If welfare measures are not provided , they become lazy. Therefore it is important to provide good welfare measures to the employees . So the study on the employee welfare in the company is very important. 1. 6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study was conducted to analyze the labou r welfare in the safe care . The relationship existing between the management of the company and their workers were studied .The study aimed to find out whether the workers were satisfied with the welfare facilities provided to them, how many disputes and unrest occurred in the past years, the settlement procedures followed to solve grievences and how negotiation on various terms and condition were made. 1. 7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY * Only 40 respondents were selected for the study due to time constraints. * The duration of the time for the study was limited and hence elaborate and imprehensive project survey was not undertaken. * The findings were drawn based on the feed back received through the questionnaires. Interaction with the company professionals was limited, due to their busy schedule. * Information obtained is depended on satisfaction level of the respondent. The reliability of the result of the study depends on the reliability of the answers of the respondents were reluc tant to give information. 2. 1 INDUSTRIAL PROFILE World production and consumption of rubber continued to increase in 2008. The ISRG (International Rubber Study Group) estimated that the production would breach the 20 million tonnes level to breach 20. 12 million tonnes of rubber were estimated to be consumed in 2007, of which 41. % was natural rubber. Latex market report gives a comprehensive introduction to both natural and synthetic polymer in one volume. This is a hot subject because of tremendous change in the market. These have increased from the increased use of disposable gloves in the medical industry. Latex products are being used excessively as alternatives to solvent based system such as adhesives, sealants and coatings, because of global legislation concerning the use of volatile flammable solvents. The range of application of latex is extensive.Polymer Lattices are used in paints and coatings ,textiles ,non-wovens packing, construction (mainly in adhesives and binders) , furniture, packing, paper, medical equipments,personnel equipment ,carpet, backing,adhesives, polish,belts. The global annual consumption of natural rubber latex is running at just over 7 million tonnes. Natural rubber is particularly widely used in medical gloves and condom applications. Gloves are by far the largest market sector, consuming around 60%by weight . This is a very competetive market and much of the production industry has being moved to Asia to reduce costs.WORLD RUBBER PRODUCTION In 1991 Thailand replaced Malaysia as the top producer and exporter of natural rubber products. This has been the result of re-planning program. A majority of Thailand rubber plantations are located in southern part of the country. Thailand leads the rubber producing countries in research and development of natural rubber. This makes Thai natural rubber the most dependable and consistent. A majority of rubber products are exported in their raw from such as technically specified rubbers: ST R ,Skim Block,ADS ,Crape and concentrate Latex . Exports account for 90% of natural rubber production .The remaining 10% is utilised domestically, 55% of this amount is processes as value added goods . Major manufactured rubber are tyres and inner rubber tubes for automotives. 2. 2 COMPANY PROFILE 2. 2. 1 About the organization Safe Care Rubber Products Pvt. Ltd started its production during the year 2006. It is situated in Cochin Special Economic Zone, Kochi. The products manufactured in this company are pre-powdered and powdered free latex, examination and surgical gloves. It is registered under the factory’s act. The company’s investment in land and building is 50 lakhs and plant and machinery is 114 lakhs.The annual turnover of the company in the year 2007-08 is Rs. 460 lakhs. The raw materials and equipments used are latex,sulphur,PHT, power free chlorination machine, tensile tester ,air nozzles, physical dimension testing equipments. Its product is exported to Eu rope ,African countries , Latin America. Safe care subscribes to a philosophy â€Å"Quest for Excellence† which ensures that its customer received not only good quality product but also excellent service. Safe care believes in cost effectiveness through effective operation ,timely deliveries and prompt corresspondence . 00% customer satisfaction is their primary motto. The â€Å"Quest for Excellence† has earned the prestigious ISO 9001:2000 certificate from TUV suddeutschland ,Germany and regitration of factory with US FDA -510K. The sterile and non-sterile products are CE certified. Indian Rubber Board has examined the gloves and confirmed that surgical and examination gloves meet ASTM D 357 and D 3575 , EN 455 standards. 2. 2. 2 OBJECTIVES OF SAFECARE RUBBER PRODUCTS PVT. LTD * To become a leading player through providing rubber products mainly gloves through out the world market. * To maximise the return on investment. To achieve the international levels of excellen ce in quality. * To engage in a wide span of business activity through socially accepted way. 2. 2. 3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Safe care rubber products pvt. ltd has a simple organizational structure with two directors Sri. Anil Kumar and Sri. Joseph at the top level management. The directors are jointly responsible for the decisions and all the decisions are taken together . The director of administration is in charge of all the overall operations and publications. The day to day operations and controls are carried out under his supervision .The other director is in charge of the production and function of the firm. In the middle level management they have two managers Sri. Sukumaran and Smt. Kavitha Anilkumar one in charge of the administration and other is the production manager or the foreman. The manager of administration is in charge of overall administration of the production , purchases, human resources and a link between the lower level and the top level management. The for eman is in charge of overall production and the production line. Both of them report to the top management directly.The lower level management is filled up by the office Staff and head of laboratory and inspection and supervisors . They all report to the managers of administration who acts as the link for them with the top management. 2. 2. 4 VARIETIES OF RUBBER The varieties of rubber are : Natural Latex: This is a white fluid obtained from the rubber tree. It contains small particles of rubber dispersed in an aqueous medium. The aqueous medium also contains plant proteins which are thought to be responsible for triggering of allergy. Natural Rubber : This include all material made from containing Latex.Natural rubber is made by two processes, the natural rubber latex process (NRL) and dry natural rubber process (DNR). DNR Process This involves compressing the rubber at a high temperature and pressure. The plant protein responsible for allergy are denatured at these temperature , a nd pressure and therefore pose a lower risk than rubber made by NRL process. NRL process This involves the use of natural latex in a concentrated colloidal suspension. This type of latex contains a much greater proportion of plant proteins than latex produced by the DNR process.Most immediate type reaction results from exposure to NRL products. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it, the researcher explains the various steps that are generally adopted in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. PURPOSE OF STUDY The study was conducted to analyze the labour welfare in the safe care . The relationship existing between the management of the company and their workers were studied .The study aimed to find out whether the workers were satisfied with the welfare facilities provided to them, how many disputes and unrest occ urred in the past years, the settlement procedures followed to solve grievances and how negotiation on various terms and condition were made. SCOPE OF STUDY Employee welfare is vital for the survival of any industry. The machines and materials in an industry could be operated only by human beings, and when there is a group of people there are chances of conflicts and should be resolved at the earliest . If welfare measures are not provided , they become lazy.Therefore it is important to provide good welfare measures to the employees . So the study on the employee welfare in the company is very important. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is the agreement for the conditions and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevances to the research purpose with the economy in procedure . It is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted. It constitues that blue print for the collection , measurement and analysis of data. The research design here is exploratory re search, the focus is on the discovery of ideas.An exploratory research is to generate new ideas,respondents should be given sufficient freedom to express themselves. PILOT STUDY Interview with worker and manager revealed their feelings towards the plans and policies of the company . This was a source about the employee welfare existing in the company could be observed. The personal options of the workers were collected using interview and schedule and the options of the managers were collected using structured questionnaire. UNIVERSE OF THE STUDY The universe of the study was the total employees and workers of the SAFE CARE. SAMPLE STUDYA sample technique used is convenience sampling. The samples were selected on the basis of both the investigator and the employees. DATA COLLECTION Data collected were as follows: * Welfare facilities offered to the workers. * Safety measures in the factory. * Relationship between workers and management and trade unions. * Promotions and transfers. * Effectiveness of the activities of the trade unions. * Trading and developing needs of the workers. WELFARE The rational system model merger welfare with earning where emphasize is made on the initiative and the efforts of the individual .Welfare is viewed more in economic terms. If he produces more , he gets more . The only thing the organization provided is to facilitate environment , in terms of water , sanitation , adequate light and ventilation . Hence welfare is concerned with working conditions and in this respect the working environment. The social system model promoter is a system of welfare where the emphasize is on organizational initiatives . Since a worker is striving to satisfy needs other than economic, is the working environment. Personnel enough or people oriented enough to provide opportunities for satisfying them.Organization make efforts towards workers participations, job enrichment and rotation to provide meaning , variety and interest in their jobs, and hence the place of work. This attempt is concerned with the actual ‘nuts and bolts’ of the job and is related to its content. WHY WELFARE In India , welfare is of the statutory and non-statutory kinds. Though statutory welfare a bare maximum of facilities and reasonably good working conditions , employer are free to provide , or not to provide non statutory measures in varying degrees. From the view point of workers, welfare measures must eliminate risk and insecurity .This is to ensure their personal safety and provide them with the equipment and atmosphere needed to draw affaire days wage without any feeling of guilt. Given the workers economic constraints , probably due to large families , organizations should provide facilities such as , transport , medical aid, creches, and subsidized food required by the workers. SOCIAL WELFARE Social welfare is being defined as those formally organized and socially sponsored institutions , agencies and programs which function to maint ain or improve the economic conditions , health or interpersonnel competence of some parts or all of a population.It means helping individuals or group in developing and utilizing their full capabilities so that they are in harmony with the needs of their families and communities. As these goals may not always be realized by individuals through their efforts alone the state comes in to the picture and gradually begins to take over the responsibility for the free and full development of human personality . In short , social welfare aims at the well being of people and help to ameliorate human life –cultural , economic ,social and psychological. PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE Employee welfare is not a substitute for low wages and other allowances nor can it be used as an argument against the earnings of workers . A failure to understand this basic principle will only make labour welfare measures un popular. * The cardinal principle of employee welfare program is to ensure that it serves the real needs of workers concerned. Special classes of workers require special types of welfare services , proper assessment of needs of workers and determination of priorities, there of must be done. * Workers should be asked to participate in the formulation and administration of welfare programs.This is necessary because the programs are meant for them and their participation ensures that the welfare measures correspond to their needs. It also removes the suspiciousness of workers and the stigma of paternalism. * Workers should be free to use or not to use the facilities and amenities provide. OBJECTIVES OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE The primary objective of the study is employee welfare measures in SAFECARE RUBBER PRODUCTS PVT. LTD. , COCHIN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, KAKKANAD, COCHIN . SECONDARY OBJECTIVES * To study the level of awareness of employees on them various welfare provided by the SAFECARE. To analyze the level of satisfaction of employees with regard to welfare measure p rovide by the SAFECARE. * To ascertain the needs and expectations of the employees towards the various schemes offered by the SAFECARE. * To suggest improvement any of existing welfare schemes grow SAFECARE. * To analyze the work environment of the employees. * To develop the work environment of the employees . * To develop efficiency and productivity among workers. * To make recruitment more effectively. * To earn goodwill and enhance public image.The present chapter will explain in detail the major inferences generated out of the information collected from respondents and other data sources. OPINION ABOUT THE WORKING SCHEDULE OF THE ORGANIZATION TABLE : 1 SL. NO| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 23| 57. 5%| 2| Partially satisfied| 7| 17. 5%| 3| Not satisfied| 10| 25%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION 57. 5 % of the workers said that they are highly satisfied with the working schedule of the organization, and 17. 5 % said that they are partially satisfie d with the existing working schedule, and 25% are not satisfied with the working schedule.Majority of the workers are satisfied with the working schedule. WORKERS OPINION ABOUT THE MEDICAL AND FIRST AID FACILITIES TABLE : 2 SL. NO| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 19| 47. 5%| 2| Partially satisfied| 10| 25%| 3| Not satisfied| 11| 27. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION 47. 5% of the workers are highly satisfied with the medical and first aid facilities of the organization. 25% of the workers are partially satisfied with the medical and first aid facility. 11% of the workers are not satisfied with the medical and first aid facility.From the above table it is clear that the majority of the employees are satisfied . OPINION ABOUT THE PRESENT WAGE SCALE Table :3 SL. NO| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Good| 10| 25%| 2| Satisfactory| 15| 37. 5%| 3| Poor| 25| 62. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The above diagram shows that only 25% of the emplo yees are satisfied with the wage scale , and 37. 5% of the employees are satisfied with the wage scale given to them. But majority of the employees said that the wage scale of the organization are poor. OPINION ABOUT HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY Table :4 Sl. No| OPINION| NO.OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 15| 37. 5%| 2| Partially satisfied| 10| 25%| 3| Not satisfied| 25| 62. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION Here 37. 5% of the employees are highly satisfied with the safety measures taken by the organization. 25% of the employees are just partially satisfied with the safety measures. And 62. 5% of the employees are not satisfied with the measures taken for safety. Majority of the workers are not satisfied with it. OPINION ABOUT REST ROOM FACILITIES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE :5 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Provided| 30| 75%| 2| Not provided| 10| 25%| Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The above table shows the details abou t the rest room. 75% of the employees said that the company provided them a good rest room. But 25% of the employees are of the opinion that the rest room provided by the company is not well. OPINION ABOUT THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF INCENTIVES AND OTHER BENEFITS PROVIDED Table : 6 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 18| 45%| 2| Partially satisfied| 10| 25%| 3| Not satisfied| 12| 30%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION In the above table 45% of the employees are highly satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization. 5% of the workers are partially satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization. And 30 % are not satisfied with this. Majority of the workers are highly satisfied with the incentives provided by the company. WORKERS OPINION ABOUT THE OVER TIME ALLOWANCES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY Table : 7 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 8| 20%| 2| Partially satisfied| 20| 50%| 3| Not satisfied| 12| 30 %| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The over time allowance provided by the company is mostly partially satisfied. 20% of the employees are highly satisfied with it.But 50% of the workers are of the opinion that they are partially satisfied with the over time allowance. And 30 % of the workers are not satisfied with the over time allowances . OPINION ABOUT THE GRIEVANCE CELL PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 8 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Provided| 29| 72. 5%| 2| Not provided| 11| 27. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The above table says the opinion about the grievance cell . 72. 5% of the employees are of the opinion that the company is provided them a good grievance cell. 27. 5% of the employees says that the company is not provided them a good grievance cell.But majority is of the opinion that the grievance cell provided is good. HOW IS THE INTER DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONSHIP IN THIS ORGANIZATION Table : 9 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Very good| 20| 50%| 2| Good| 8| 20%| 3| Average| 12| 30%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The inter departmental relationship in the organization are very good ,50% the workers said that the relationship is very good. 20% of the workers said that the inter departmental relationship is good. But 30% of the employees are of the opinion that the relationship is average. DO YOU LIKE TEAM WORK OR INDIVIDUAL WORKTable :10 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Team work| 27| 67. 5%| 2| Individual work| 3| 7. 5%| 3| Both| 10| 25%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION 67. 5% of workers like team works. Only 7. 5% of the workers like individual work. And 25% of the workers are interested to work both as individual and team work. But majority workers like team work. . FINDINGS * Age wise distribution reveals that majority of the labourers are in the age group of 20-25 * It was found that the company has both male and female workers equally. * Maximum number of labourers are satisfied wi th the work schedule. Majority of the workers are of the opinion that they are satisfied with the medical and first aid facility. * It was found that majority of the respondents are not satisfied with the present wage scale. * Majority of the labourers are not satisfied with the health and safety measures provided by the company. * Majority of the workers are of the opinion that they are provided with good rest room facility. * It was found that majority of the labourers are satisfied with the incentives and other benefits offered to them. * Most of them are partially satisfied about overtime allowance given by the company. SUGGESTIONS Overtime allowance should be made more attractive to attract new younger talent into organization. * Since the laboures seem to prefer team work , if the work could be made more team oriented , it increases the motivation level of labourers and thus the productivity can be increased. * Canteen facility does not provide the North Indian labourers needs in satisfactory manner. So the organization should include North Indian dishes in the menu. * More awareness programs regarding the quality of work life should be conducted. * Quality circle should be established to improve the productivity and standard of work life of labourers. Better transportation facility should be made available to the employees. * Maintain good relationship between management authorities and employees. * Periodical health testing for employees should be conducted. CONCLUSION The study is conducted among the labourers of Safe care Rubber Products Pvt. Ltd. to study various welfare activities conducted at the company . From the study it has been understood that some workers are satisfied with some factors like wage offered , incentives provided ,medical and first aid facilities provided etc.The company needs to improve on various other factors that include the canteen facility, awareness programs regarding quality of work life in order to ensure that there is satisfaction among the labourers regarding the welfare scheme offered. From the study, it was found that the employees are generally satisfied with their welfare measures . The recreational facilities provided by the company are very satisfactory. There is a well managed grievance procedure in the organization . The working of employees union is satisfactory. In short, welfare facility together contribute to better work thus making employees happy and cheerful looking. Employee Welfare 1. 1 WHAT IS WELFARE Welfare  is the provision of a minimal level of  well-being  and social support  for all citizens, sometimes referred to as  public aid. In most developed countries, welfare is largely provided by the government, in addition to  charities, informal social groups, religious groups, and inter-governmental organizations. The work place should provide reasonable amenities for its good working. The betterment of workers conditions must produce more from the employer down rather than the forced up by demand from below. It is also important because the labour is contented.Well housed, well fed, well looked after it is not only an asset to the labour in the country. Therefore welfare is also fundamentally in the interest of the large society as the health, happiness and efficieny of each individual contributes the general well being of all. The concept of welfare is dynamic in nature and vary from country to country and from time to time and even in the same country depending up on the value system , social institutions, degree of industrialization and general level social and economic development.According to Frederic Engels, â€Å" labour is the source of all wealth it is next to nature , which supplies with the materials that it converts in to wealth but it is even definitely more than this†. 1. 2 EMPLOYEE WELFARE Employee welfare work aims at providing such service facilities and amenities to the workers employed in factories and industries healthy, congenial surroundings conductive to good health and high moral. The aim or objectives of welfare activities is partly humanistic to enable the workers to enjoy a fuller and richer life.The relevant and necessity of welfare work in India ,can be easily realized if one observe pitiable working condition of workers in the country. Stable and effective labour force cannot be build up with an improvement in the condition of life and work in the industrial centre. The development of co mmunity and society depends on the development of labour . The importance of labour welfare is beyond the stage is debate and is recognized on as integrate part of industrial tradition in all industrially advances countries.Labour is the vital part of business part of organizationand management , and now a day attach more importance to human angel . Increases the productivity , as well as productive efficiently of the workers and induce in them new spirit self realization . The importance of welfare measures was accept was early as 1931, when the labour commission on labour stated that, the benefits which go under thus nomenclature of great importance workers of which he is unable to secure by himself.Labour welfare is one of the major determinants of industrial relation. Encyclopedia of social sciences defines welfare workers as â€Å"voluntary efforts of the employer to establish with in existing industrial system , working and sometime living and cultural condition of the employ ers beyond what is required by law. The welfare of labouring classes must be one of the first carriers of every employee. The betterment of workers condition must preceed more from the employees. The work space should provide with reasonable amenities for his essential needs.The concept of welfare and dynamic in nature and vary from country and from time to time and even in the same country depending up on is value system , social institutions, degree of industrialization and general level of social and economic development. Welfare activities are partly humanitarian partly economic and partly civil. It is humanitarian as its aim is providing certain facilities and amenities of life to the workers which they themselves cannot provide; it promotes a sense of responsibility and dignity among workers and to make them better citizen.According to Frederic Engles, â€Å"labour is the source of all wealth; it is next to nature , which supplies its material that convert in to wealth . But it is even definitely more than this. † 1. 3 WELFARE AS CONCEPTS Indian national congress in its karachi resolution stated that the self guard in the interest of the industrial workers and shall secure then by suitable legislation , by the living wage. Healthy working condition and limited hours of work, suitable machinery for settlement of disputes between employees and workmen and protest against old age sickness and unemployment .Anything done for intellectual , physical and moral and economic betterment of the workers , whether by employers, by the govt. or by the other agencies over and above what is laid down by the laws of the land, is labour welfare. International organization report refers with regard to labour welfare as â€Å"such service facilities and amenities which may be established in or in the vicinity of undertaking to enable the persons employed in perform their working healthy, congenial surroundings and provided with amenities conductive to good health a nd high moral. 1. 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY * It helps to improve recruitment. As the job becomes more attractive, more efficient employees can be recruited. * Employee welfare improves the morale and loyalty of workers by making them happy and satisfied. * It reduces labor turnover and absenteeism thereby building a stable workforce. * It helps to increase employee productivity or efficiency by improving their physical and mental health. 1. 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY Employee welfare is vital for the survival of any industry.The machines and materials in an industry could be operated only by human beings, and when there is a group of people there are chances of conflicts and should be resolved at the earliest . If welfare measures are not provided , they become lazy. Therefore it is important to provide good welfare measures to the employees . So the study on the employee welfare in the company is very important. 1. 6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study was conducted to analyze the labou r welfare in the safe care . The relationship existing between the management of the company and their workers were studied .The study aimed to find out whether the workers were satisfied with the welfare facilities provided to them, how many disputes and unrest occurred in the past years, the settlement procedures followed to solve grievences and how negotiation on various terms and condition were made. 1. 7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY * Only 40 respondents were selected for the study due to time constraints. * The duration of the time for the study was limited and hence elaborate and imprehensive project survey was not undertaken. * The findings were drawn based on the feed back received through the questionnaires. Interaction with the company professionals was limited, due to their busy schedule. * Information obtained is depended on satisfaction level of the respondent. The reliability of the result of the study depends on the reliability of the answers of the respondents were reluc tant to give information. 2. 1 INDUSTRIAL PROFILE World production and consumption of rubber continued to increase in 2008. The ISRG (International Rubber Study Group) estimated that the production would breach the 20 million tonnes level to breach 20. 12 million tonnes of rubber were estimated to be consumed in 2007, of which 41. % was natural rubber. Latex market report gives a comprehensive introduction to both natural and synthetic polymer in one volume. This is a hot subject because of tremendous change in the market. These have increased from the increased use of disposable gloves in the medical industry. Latex products are being used excessively as alternatives to solvent based system such as adhesives, sealants and coatings, because of global legislation concerning the use of volatile flammable solvents. The range of application of latex is extensive.Polymer Lattices are used in paints and coatings ,textiles ,non-wovens packing, construction (mainly in adhesives and binders) , furniture, packing, paper, medical equipments,personnel equipment ,carpet, backing,adhesives, polish,belts. The global annual consumption of natural rubber latex is running at just over 7 million tonnes. Natural rubber is particularly widely used in medical gloves and condom applications. Gloves are by far the largest market sector, consuming around 60%by weight . This is a very competetive market and much of the production industry has being moved to Asia to reduce costs.WORLD RUBBER PRODUCTION In 1991 Thailand replaced Malaysia as the top producer and exporter of natural rubber products. This has been the result of re-planning program. A majority of Thailand rubber plantations are located in southern part of the country. Thailand leads the rubber producing countries in research and development of natural rubber. This makes Thai natural rubber the most dependable and consistent. A majority of rubber products are exported in their raw from such as technically specified rubbers: ST R ,Skim Block,ADS ,Crape and concentrate Latex . Exports account for 90% of natural rubber production .The remaining 10% is utilised domestically, 55% of this amount is processes as value added goods . Major manufactured rubber are tyres and inner rubber tubes for automotives. 2. 2 COMPANY PROFILE 2. 2. 1 About the organization Safe Care Rubber Products Pvt. Ltd started its production during the year 2006. It is situated in Cochin Special Economic Zone, Kochi. The products manufactured in this company are pre-powdered and powdered free latex, examination and surgical gloves. It is registered under the factory’s act. The company’s investment in land and building is 50 lakhs and plant and machinery is 114 lakhs.The annual turnover of the company in the year 2007-08 is Rs. 460 lakhs. The raw materials and equipments used are latex,sulphur,PHT, power free chlorination machine, tensile tester ,air nozzles, physical dimension testing equipments. Its product is exported to Eu rope ,African countries , Latin America. Safe care subscribes to a philosophy â€Å"Quest for Excellence† which ensures that its customer received not only good quality product but also excellent service. Safe care believes in cost effectiveness through effective operation ,timely deliveries and prompt corresspondence . 00% customer satisfaction is their primary motto. The â€Å"Quest for Excellence† has earned the prestigious ISO 9001:2000 certificate from TUV suddeutschland ,Germany and regitration of factory with US FDA -510K. The sterile and non-sterile products are CE certified. Indian Rubber Board has examined the gloves and confirmed that surgical and examination gloves meet ASTM D 357 and D 3575 , EN 455 standards. 2. 2. 2 OBJECTIVES OF SAFECARE RUBBER PRODUCTS PVT. LTD * To become a leading player through providing rubber products mainly gloves through out the world market. * To maximise the return on investment. To achieve the international levels of excellen ce in quality. * To engage in a wide span of business activity through socially accepted way. 2. 2. 3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Safe care rubber products pvt. ltd has a simple organizational structure with two directors Sri. Anil Kumar and Sri. Joseph at the top level management. The directors are jointly responsible for the decisions and all the decisions are taken together . The director of administration is in charge of all the overall operations and publications. The day to day operations and controls are carried out under his supervision .The other director is in charge of the production and function of the firm. In the middle level management they have two managers Sri. Sukumaran and Smt. Kavitha Anilkumar one in charge of the administration and other is the production manager or the foreman. The manager of administration is in charge of overall administration of the production , purchases, human resources and a link between the lower level and the top level management. The for eman is in charge of overall production and the production line. Both of them report to the top management directly.The lower level management is filled up by the office Staff and head of laboratory and inspection and supervisors . They all report to the managers of administration who acts as the link for them with the top management. 2. 2. 4 VARIETIES OF RUBBER The varieties of rubber are : Natural Latex: This is a white fluid obtained from the rubber tree. It contains small particles of rubber dispersed in an aqueous medium. The aqueous medium also contains plant proteins which are thought to be responsible for triggering of allergy. Natural Rubber : This include all material made from containing Latex.Natural rubber is made by two processes, the natural rubber latex process (NRL) and dry natural rubber process (DNR). DNR Process This involves compressing the rubber at a high temperature and pressure. The plant protein responsible for allergy are denatured at these temperature , a nd pressure and therefore pose a lower risk than rubber made by NRL process. NRL process This involves the use of natural latex in a concentrated colloidal suspension. This type of latex contains a much greater proportion of plant proteins than latex produced by the DNR process.Most immediate type reaction results from exposure to NRL products. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it, the researcher explains the various steps that are generally adopted in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. PURPOSE OF STUDY The study was conducted to analyze the labour welfare in the safe care . The relationship existing between the management of the company and their workers were studied .The study aimed to find out whether the workers were satisfied with the welfare facilities provided to them, how many disputes and unrest occ urred in the past years, the settlement procedures followed to solve grievances and how negotiation on various terms and condition were made. SCOPE OF STUDY Employee welfare is vital for the survival of any industry. The machines and materials in an industry could be operated only by human beings, and when there is a group of people there are chances of conflicts and should be resolved at the earliest . If welfare measures are not provided , they become lazy.Therefore it is important to provide good welfare measures to the employees . So the study on the employee welfare in the company is very important. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is the agreement for the conditions and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevances to the research purpose with the economy in procedure . It is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted. It constitues that blue print for the collection , measurement and analysis of data. The research design here is exploratory re search, the focus is on the discovery of ideas.An exploratory research is to generate new ideas,respondents should be given sufficient freedom to express themselves. PILOT STUDY Interview with worker and manager revealed their feelings towards the plans and policies of the company . This was a source about the employee welfare existing in the company could be observed. The personal options of the workers were collected using interview and schedule and the options of the managers were collected using structured questionnaire. UNIVERSE OF THE STUDY The universe of the study was the total employees and workers of the SAFE CARE. SAMPLE STUDYA sample technique used is convenience sampling. The samples were selected on the basis of both the investigator and the employees. DATA COLLECTION Data collected were as follows: * Welfare facilities offered to the workers. * Safety measures in the factory. * Relationship between workers and management and trade unions. * Promotions and transfers. * Effectiveness of the activities of the trade unions. * Trading and developing needs of the workers. WELFARE The rational system model merger welfare with earning where emphasize is made on the initiative and the efforts of the individual .Welfare is viewed more in economic terms. If he produces more , he gets more . The only thing the organization provided is to facilitate environment , in terms of water , sanitation , adequate light and ventilation . Hence welfare is concerned with working conditions and in this respect the working environment. The social system model promoter is a system of welfare where the emphasize is on organizational initiatives . Since a worker is striving to satisfy needs other than economic, is the working environment. Personnel enough or people oriented enough to provide opportunities for satisfying them.Organization make efforts towards workers participations, job enrichment and rotation to provide meaning , variety and interest in their jobs, and hence the place of work. This attempt is concerned with the actual ‘nuts and bolts’ of the job and is related to its content. WHY WELFARE In India , welfare is of the statutory and non-statutory kinds. Though statutory welfare a bare maximum of facilities and reasonably good working conditions , employer are free to provide , or not to provide non statutory measures in varying degrees. From the view point of workers, welfare measures must eliminate risk and insecurity .This is to ensure their personal safety and provide them with the equipment and atmosphere needed to draw affaire days wage without any feeling of guilt. Given the workers economic constraints , probably due to large families , organizations should provide facilities such as , transport , medical aid, creches, and subsidized food required by the workers. SOCIAL WELFARE Social welfare is being defined as those formally organized and socially sponsored institutions , agencies and programs which function to maint ain or improve the economic conditions , health or interpersonnel competence of some parts or all of a population.It means helping individuals or group in developing and utilizing their full capabilities so that they are in harmony with the needs of their families and communities. As these goals may not always be realized by individuals through their efforts alone the state comes in to the picture and gradually begins to take over the responsibility for the free and full development of human personality . In short , social welfare aims at the well being of people and help to ameliorate human life –cultural , economic ,social and psychological. PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE Employee welfare is not a substitute for low wages and other allowances nor can it be used as an argument against the earnings of workers . A failure to understand this basic principle will only make labour welfare measures un popular. * The cardinal principle of employee welfare program is to ensure that it serves the real needs of workers concerned. Special classes of workers require special types of welfare services , proper assessment of needs of workers and determination of priorities, there of must be done. * Workers should be asked to participate in the formulation and administration of welfare programs.This is necessary because the programs are meant for them and their participation ensures that the welfare measures correspond to their needs. It also removes the suspiciousness of workers and the stigma of paternalism. * Workers should be free to use or not to use the facilities and amenities provide. OBJECTIVES OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE The primary objective of the study is employee welfare measures in SAFECARE RUBBER PRODUCTS PVT. LTD. , COCHIN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, KAKKANAD, COCHIN . SECONDARY OBJECTIVES * To study the level of awareness of employees on them various welfare provided by the SAFECARE. To analyze the level of satisfaction of employees with regard to welfare measure p rovide by the SAFECARE. * To ascertain the needs and expectations of the employees towards the various schemes offered by the SAFECARE. * To suggest improvement any of existing welfare schemes grow SAFECARE. * To analyze the work environment of the employees. * To develop the work environment of the employees . * To develop efficiency and productivity among workers. * To make recruitment more effectively. * To earn goodwill and enhance public image.The present chapter will explain in detail the major inferences generated out of the information collected from respondents and other data sources. OPINION ABOUT THE WORKING SCHEDULE OF THE ORGANIZATION TABLE : 1 SL. NO| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 23| 57. 5%| 2| Partially satisfied| 7| 17. 5%| 3| Not satisfied| 10| 25%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION 57. 5 % of the workers said that they are highly satisfied with the working schedule of the organization, and 17. 5 % said that they are partially satisfie d with the existing working schedule, and 25% are not satisfied with the working schedule.Majority of the workers are satisfied with the working schedule. WORKERS OPINION ABOUT THE MEDICAL AND FIRST AID FACILITIES TABLE : 2 SL. NO| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 19| 47. 5%| 2| Partially satisfied| 10| 25%| 3| Not satisfied| 11| 27. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION 47. 5% of the workers are highly satisfied with the medical and first aid facilities of the organization. 25% of the workers are partially satisfied with the medical and first aid facility. 11% of the workers are not satisfied with the medical and first aid facility.From the above table it is clear that the majority of the employees are satisfied . OPINION ABOUT THE PRESENT WAGE SCALE Table :3 SL. NO| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Good| 10| 25%| 2| Satisfactory| 15| 37. 5%| 3| Poor| 25| 62. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The above diagram shows that only 25% of the emplo yees are satisfied with the wage scale , and 37. 5% of the employees are satisfied with the wage scale given to them. But majority of the employees said that the wage scale of the organization are poor. OPINION ABOUT HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY Table :4 Sl. No| OPINION| NO.OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 15| 37. 5%| 2| Partially satisfied| 10| 25%| 3| Not satisfied| 25| 62. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION Here 37. 5% of the employees are highly satisfied with the safety measures taken by the organization. 25% of the employees are just partially satisfied with the safety measures. And 62. 5% of the employees are not satisfied with the measures taken for safety. Majority of the workers are not satisfied with it. OPINION ABOUT REST ROOM FACILITIES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE :5 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Provided| 30| 75%| 2| Not provided| 10| 25%| Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The above table shows the details abou t the rest room. 75% of the employees said that the company provided them a good rest room. But 25% of the employees are of the opinion that the rest room provided by the company is not well. OPINION ABOUT THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF INCENTIVES AND OTHER BENEFITS PROVIDED Table : 6 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 18| 45%| 2| Partially satisfied| 10| 25%| 3| Not satisfied| 12| 30%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION In the above table 45% of the employees are highly satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization. 5% of the workers are partially satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization. And 30 % are not satisfied with this. Majority of the workers are highly satisfied with the incentives provided by the company. WORKERS OPINION ABOUT THE OVER TIME ALLOWANCES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY Table : 7 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Highly satisfied| 8| 20%| 2| Partially satisfied| 20| 50%| 3| Not satisfied| 12| 30 %| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The over time allowance provided by the company is mostly partially satisfied. 20% of the employees are highly satisfied with it.But 50% of the workers are of the opinion that they are partially satisfied with the over time allowance. And 30 % of the workers are not satisfied with the over time allowances . OPINION ABOUT THE GRIEVANCE CELL PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 8 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Provided| 29| 72. 5%| 2| Not provided| 11| 27. 5%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The above table says the opinion about the grievance cell . 72. 5% of the employees are of the opinion that the company is provided them a good grievance cell. 27. 5% of the employees says that the company is not provided them a good grievance cell.But majority is of the opinion that the grievance cell provided is good. HOW IS THE INTER DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONSHIP IN THIS ORGANIZATION Table : 9 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Very good| 20| 50%| 2| Good| 8| 20%| 3| Average| 12| 30%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION The inter departmental relationship in the organization are very good ,50% the workers said that the relationship is very good. 20% of the workers said that the inter departmental relationship is good. But 30% of the employees are of the opinion that the relationship is average. DO YOU LIKE TEAM WORK OR INDIVIDUAL WORKTable :10 Sl. No| OPINION| NO. OF EMPLOYEES| PERCENTAGE| 1| Team work| 27| 67. 5%| 2| Individual work| 3| 7. 5%| 3| Both| 10| 25%| | Total| 40| 100%| INTERPRETATION 67. 5% of workers like team works. Only 7. 5% of the workers like individual work. And 25% of the workers are interested to work both as individual and team work. But majority workers like team work. . FINDINGS * Age wise distribution reveals that majority of the labourers are in the age group of 20-25 * It was found that the company has both male and female workers equally. * Maximum number of labourers are satisfied wi th the work schedule. Majority of the workers are of the opinion that they are satisfied with the medical and first aid facility. * It was found that majority of the respondents are not satisfied with the present wage scale. * Majority of the labourers are not satisfied with the health and safety measures provided by the company. * Majority of the workers are of the opinion that they are provided with good rest room facility. * It was found that majority of the labourers are satisfied with the incentives and other benefits offered to them. * Most of them are partially satisfied about overtime allowance given by the company. SUGGESTIONS Overtime allowance should be made more attractive to attract new younger talent into organization. * Since the laboures seem to prefer team work , if the work could be made more team oriented , it increases the motivation level of labourers and thus the productivity can be increased. * Canteen facility does not provide the North Indian labourers needs in satisfactory manner. So the organization should include North Indian dishes in the menu. * More awareness programs regarding the quality of work life should be conducted. * Quality circle should be established to improve the productivity and standard of work life of labourers. Better transportation facility should be made available to the employees. * Maintain good relationship between management authorities and employees. * Periodical health testing for employees should be conducted. CONCLUSION The study is conducted among the labourers of Safe care Rubber Products Pvt. Ltd. to study various welfare activities conducted at the company . From the study it has been understood that some workers are satisfied with some factors like wage offered , incentives provided ,medical and first aid facilities provided etc.The company needs to improve on various other factors that include the canteen facility, awareness programs regarding quality of work life in order to ensure that there is satisfaction among the labourers regarding the welfare scheme offered. From the study, it was found that the employees are generally satisfied with their welfare measures . The recreational facilities provided by the company are very satisfactory. There is a well managed grievance procedure in the organization . The working of employees union is satisfactory. In short, welfare facility together contribute to better work thus making employees happy and cheerful looking.