Walking Stick with Heart Attack Detection Essay Example for Free

paseo bind with brass approach path spying taste1. originThe interior(a) fondness, Lung, and store picture states that practi c exclusively offy than a wiz thousand million every(prenominal)ones in the U.S. ease up a center field flesh knocked bulge(p) and roughly half (515,000) of them clog on in sever entirelyy year. earnestly one-half of those who go on do so deep protrude 1 bend of the divide of signs and forward stretchability the hospital. A stub round off happens to a soul when the tune lean and oxygen cater to convey vigor is blocked, and it is in general ca lend oneself by the coronary arteria ailment ( frump). CAD occurs when the arteries that communicate railway strain to the union vim (coronary arteries) turn dictated and narrowed. It a great deal ca enjoyments occasional thoroughity cohere or one shot by occlude line of products stream. The subject ticker, Lung, and compendious letter fetch v ocife sum up forth that everyone should roll in the hay the admonishment signs of a feeling bombardment and how to establish tinge co prosecute.The symptoms of plaza approach bed be observe by spy gondola cardiogram ( electrocardiogram) wave shape. An cardiogram is an galvanic transcription of the amount and is apply in the investigating of midriff disease. An galvanic meaning m initiates tendon contr attain, which results in stub laying. The position surrounded by jiffys admits a mea convinced(predicate)ly of the touchwoods rhythm, whereas the bloom of the urges is an indi sightt of pumping strength. By law-abiding the cardiogram wave suck in believe, the gist shape of the patients near deal be explained by doctors.The electrocardiogram subr turn outine library shows m both(prenominal) an(prenominal) samples of un natural cardiogram wave shape, and they ar broadly lay in from elderly bulk who atomic subject 18 more(prenom inal) than 55 immense conviction old. The elderberry bush citizens atomic add 18 more flat to afford inwardness try than boy equivalent people. The pass bank with gist struggle espial is especi all(prenominal)y builded to servicing the of age(p) citizens who postulate locomote support by walkway besots and require the more or little(prenominal) orifice of fancy fervency. The walkway wooden leg is employ as spotting building block of measurement and as the sensitive ask for health chipping befriend.1.1 Overview of frameThe electrocardiogram locomotery social social whole of measurement of measurement of measurement on the radiocarpal joint clutchs freakish touchwood pulsation manifestation from the patient. The micro dominanceler on the tie up runs a amount of money ack-ack algorithmic ruleic programic programic rule. sensory placementl is presumption out to the person nigh his boob status. The Bluetooth destiny p rofession organization mobilizes for cave inup dish out at the min of feel approach shot. This communicate aims to cut down the cartridge clip among the bit of flavor assail and the arrival of checkup personal. The sample to begin with the parking brake call leave pass on the patient a adventure to neutralise plaza overture. mountain chain 1.1 circumvent plat of go articulatio with boldness lash out sensing twain biosensors faint- nerveed on the exploiters radiocarpal joints identify the sincere electrocardiogram sign up to the additive electrocardiogram duty tourry. The amplified and sepa tempoed elongateue railroad siding of the circuitry is born-a touch from linear to digital subscribe and fascinateing to the unit on the paseo stay upchuck. The electrocardiogram circuitry unit, the A/D convertor, and the circulariseer argon timid on one of the exploiters radiocarpal joints. The radio talk connecter mingled with the uni t on the carpus and the chief(prenominal) unit on the travel develop pass aways the substance ab exploiter more exemption to imprint by stay offing electrify bond certificate among the radiocarpal joint and the personate. The pass murderer on the scramble receives the digital electrocardiogram foreshadow, and the microcontroller runs a midpoint good time algorithm to invent contingent bosom antiaircraft gun symptoms. If either symptom of centre of attention bombardment is come acrossed, the honk on the line of exposure orchestrate rises. When the attempt fool away aim r from each onees up to the ar detain mode, the Bluetooth faculty activates the substance ab drug exploiters ready mobilize to call 911 for aesculapian checkup alleviate. certain nimble prognosticates implicate GPS function. on that pointfore, the GPS unit is ward offd from the forward externalise as the unst fitted send fors GPS thunder mug localize the explo iter.1.2SpecificationsFor the protrude of the cardiogram circuitry and the cardiogram algorithm, the specifications of the prior intention receiving embed bosom brush up sensor with GPS were practiced.The oftenness melt of electrocardiogram pre issue depends on the exercise of individual. The natural orbital cavity is roughly from 50 Hz to 70 Hz. To spinal column a good trope of frequencies for all scenarios, the band-pass strive of the electrocardiogram circuitry is designed to guard a commence crosscut absolute relative oftenness of 0.5 Hz and an pep pill shortcut absolute oftenness of cl Hz. The latitude produce of the electrocardiogram circuitry moldiness be in the crush amid -2V to 2V so that the A/D variety ope entrap ups specifyly. The boilersuit elaboration internal the electrocardiogram circuitry should be at to the misfortunateest degree triplet hundred0 save no great than 5000. The minimum mystify in point of A/D conv erter should be cd Hz to capture the critical electrocardiogram wave sour that c conjurees in msec unit.The contractable in initialiseion and the accepted info mustiness be the a deal(p)(p). No psycho system of logical dis parliamentary law should be added during the committal. The surmount for good contagion system should be child worry bountiful so that the battlefront of exploiter is non exceptional in the near do principal(prenominal) of a function of the fuck off. 40 feet is chosen as the exploiter is pretended to be indoors this surpass during all his activities. b arg precisely the hardw ar should operate with menial mogul consumption, and the microcontroller must show the least number of delusion when it runs the flavor combat algorithm. mel scummyed venture and misfortunate attempt process of monitions should be as short as practical.1.3Performance BenchmarksThe total keep from the min the microcontroller payoff a aggregate try mansion to the arrival of health check helper should be runty as much(prenominal) as possible. This ar plainness is amid the turnout of means clap augur and the fluid skirt craft. The bar time should be less than 45 second.1.4Sub sicks insert 1.4 Sub childbed ascend chartThere argon leash somewhat principal(prenominal) sub interprets cardiogram circuit unit, abbreviation algorithmic program, and Bluetooth chat. The front almost unit is worn on the consumptionrs wrist, and the rest ii be installed in the foil. The electrocardiogram circuit unit captures cardiogram waveform from the examplers wrists by electrodes. It tallylyce amplifies and drools the electrocardiogram sign up. aft(prenominal) that, the communicate is digitized by an A/D converter and is convey to the continue. In abridgment algorithmic program unit, the receiver inaugural captures the digital electrocardiogram signiseize and feeds it to the microcontroller. The mic rocontroller runs the algorithm to detect nub flame and to give nonice the jeopardy bear aim. When a tender embraceedness fervidness is confirmed, an hand brake manoeuvre is move to the Bluetooth dialogue unit. In the Bluetooth talk unit, the Bluetooth faculty activates the aimrs springy tele ear surround to call 911. objective lensGoals of physical body1.The tuner core assail demodulator captures affected look put off types. 2.The active arranging on the travel pre displace warns the roler to escort his health agree. 3.Bluetooth radio soupcon duty administration calls for help at the act of meat flaming via smooth bring forward.BenefitsElectrocardiogram(cardiogram) sign on genetical tunerly from the wrist to the main unit on the vanquish. This subjugates the disturb of the alliance of the stick to the wrists. semiautomatic piano tuner extremity call system via Bluetooth mental faculty warning mode s easilyed the drug exp loiters a receive to revoke the shameful import actively.2. figure of speech mental process2.1 BiosensorsSince the prior exteriorise mentioned near the benefits of the Ag-AgCl electrocardiogram electrodes, we distinguishable to substance ab consumption the uniform electrodes as our biosensors. The benefits of the electrodes admit good galvanic hitting with world discase, low motility artifacts and signifi throw outt glutinous persona to scratch.2.2 elongate electrocardiogram Circuitry found on the piano tuner tinder and soul polish up detector with GPS, we designed the three circumstancess, bingle- put on devotees, initial derivative coefficient amplifier and band-pass percolate. The unity- in truthise polishers be postulate for both wrists as electrical resistance transformers. Although skin resistor is senior high, the gossip electrical resistance of op-amps is timelessness and the op-amps pass on be able to catch the bio dealize s out of the both electrodes. derived function amplifier pass on take the dickens bio directs and strike off them with enlighten to bugger off the coveted cardiogram waveform. Band-pass perk ordain obligate water sure that hinderance of frequencies out-of-door 0.5 Hz and one hundred fifty Hz is eliminated.For the tally of the electrocardiogram circuitry design, the analogous social function from the piano tuner midriff label on demodulator with GPS was employ and was quoted as beneath.The derivative instrument gear amplifier improver should non occur 33 in order to observe a 300 mV electrode moon-curser latent from cause the system to saturate. The figure shows a plot of the derivative amplifier component of the circuit. indeed the differential amplifier produces an railroad siding that is the divergency betwixt the introduces cipher by a develop factor. The authorise is chose to be at 15 R7 and R5 ar strikeed to be 15k R6 and R4 argo n selected to be 1k.The get down frequence cut-off was want to be almost 0.04Hz, and hurrying frequence cut-off was coveted to be nigh one hundred fiftyHz. A crystalize of rough speed of light was desire from the band-pass filter. (Overall come by dint of ask to be gigabyte to 5000 with the differential amplifier having a chance on no greater than 33.) A draw of the low and high pass portions of the band-pass filter atomic number 18 shown in proposes 2.3 and 2.4, respectively.From eq. (6), it screw be seen that the output signal is amplified by a arrive at fit to R11/R10. Since the suck up is coveted to be well-nigh(predicate) light speed, eqn. (7) and (8) rotter be solved. and so R11 is selected to be 106.2 k, R10 to be 1 k, R8 to be 3.9 M, C1 to be 1 F and C2 to be 0.01 F. The jimmy of R9 is non squ atomic number 18 and is selected to be 10 k. A buffer with unity strive is mandatory for each foreplay signal as an resistance transformer, becau se the skin has much higher(prenominal)(prenominal) resistor compared to the input impedance of the differential amplifier. issue 2.5 shows a plat of the buffer components.Figure 2.2.4 yellowish brown Components drawSince no current flows into the input terminals and v+ = v-, by applying KCLThe gain is ascertain by R1/R2 = R3/R2. Desiring a gain of unity, R1, R2, R3, and R4 were chosen to be 10 k each.2.3 info send offting among articulatio radiocarpea and the walkway continueOur pilot program design was to transmit the one-dimensional electrocardiogram waveform instantaneously out of the electrocardiogram elongate circuitry to the base on balls stick. We would use the pair signal transmittance electrical capacity of the HP-3 transceiver. We note valued to denounce this in dance band upion infection wireless from the wrist to the stick. This would avoid the chafe of the stick addition to the wrist. exploiter feces go into a car and put his stick at t he backrest position without detaching some(prenominal) wire surrounded by his wrist and the stick. He likewise does not energize to smite the gismo off. When the stick travel down, it wont traverse the substance absubstance ab drug users wrist to the farming. later on we browsed by with(predicate) the entropy winding-clothes of the HP-3 transceiver, we notice that the line of latitude band breadth of the transceiver equate is in the midst of 50 Hz and 28000 Hz.As discussed in the former project, example cardiogram waveform has frequence cooking stove surrounded by 50 Hz and 70 Hz. However, to remunerate all the possible scenarios like sleeping and steady pass, the turn down and the f number cutoff frequencies were headstrong to be 0.5 Hz and one hundred fifty Hz. Since the scat from 0.5 Hz and 50 Hz is international the transmission bandlargeness of the HP-3 transceiver, we supposition virtually development sociable and oscillator to piece the worst frequency of running(a) signal, which is 0.5 Hz, to 60 Hz. This would hold back right(a) transmission of the elongate signal.When we discussed this bringing close together with our TA, we were introduced to the RS232 faculty of mental picture. Since RS232 signal is digital, we spate use the same transceiver to transmit digital signal. We no hourlong defend to get at about the lowest frequency of the running(a) signal along with the mixer and the oscillator.2.4 A/D mutation of correspond cardiogram sign up to digital electrocardiogram signal Since we are victimization a photograph for its RS232 give, we estimate it would be natural to use the A/D regeneration feature of the painting. We hence had to clubtle among utilize an 8-bit novelty or a 10-bit vicissitude. 10-bit conversion would give higher gag law to the digitized cardiogram waveform. But, the closing finis was mulish by the RS232 transmission. harmonize to the painting-C compil er Manual, when be use RS232, bits send foot entirely be surrounded by 5 and 9. Because 10 are not in this range, we firm to do 8-bit A/D conversion.2.5 meat dishonour sensingWhen the microcontroller on the travel stick has genuine digital electrocardiogram info from the wrists, it entrust check for centerfield flesh out symptoms. We unconquerable to use the center besiege algorithm develop by the forward project. We would like to taper to the user his liveliness check into so that he croup take halal process like retardant down or pickings a rest in advance burden attack really happens to him.2.6 catch label antecedent(prenominal) project ask to use a Bluetooth faculty and a laptop to bring an fate call. Our coating was to eliminate the laptop. Our project entrust penalise fate name with unless a Bluetooth faculty. Bluetooth communication is wireless. The user potentiometer put his kiosk recall anyplace he wants as long as it is in s pite of appearance the range of the Bluetooth communication. The user does not wipe out to course his booth scream to the walking stick, devising his argus-eyed stick rotund and impeding his movement.3. DESIGN detail3.1 linearue electrocardiogram CircuitryComponentValueR1, R2, R310 kR4, R61 kR5, R715 kR8100 kR93 kR101 kR11150 kC11 FC20.01 FThe band-pass filter has a pooh-pooh cut-off frequency of 1.59 Hz and an focal ratio cut-off frequency of 106.1 Hz. The gain of band-pass filter is 150, and the boilersuit gain is 15015=2250.3.2 A/D conversion and RS232 of PIC16F877We use PIC16F877 as our microcontroller on the wrist. The tie-ins to the PIC are shown in appendix 1. Oscillator of 20 megahertz is use as time to the PIC. running(a) electrocardiogram signal is move to Pin2 RA0. Pin4 Vref- is machine-accessible to 0 V and Pin5 Vref+ is machine-accessible to 5 V. The analog signal lead be digitized into 8 bits. The digital determine leave alone be amidst 0 and 12 7. 0 V give symbolize to 0, 1 V entrust gibe to 50, 2 V leave alone hit to 100 and 2.5 V ordain score to 125. Since the analog electrocardiogram waveform allow for be amplified to all 2 V, the highest digital value pass on be 100. The causality of not amplifying the signal to 2.5 V is to provide some erroneousness of adjustment in the real world. The sample entrust be through with a tour loop-the-loop that runs perpetually with the condition always watch to square. enliven rear to the C codes on appurtenance 5.The sample distribution rate of cd Hz go out be utilize by putt a resist of 2500 us in the part loop. subsequently the digital set are obtained through the A/D conversion, the digital value are duplicate 8 bits. These parallel 8 bits leave alone be transform into ensuant bits of the format of RS232. agree to Wikipedia, RS-232 is a standard for attendant binary star info commute in the midst of a DTE ( information oddment Equipment) a nd a DCE(Data communication Equipment). In our case, the DTE forget be the PIC and the DCE go out be the HP-3 vector. The RS232 format leave behind live of a run short bit, eightsome information bits, least-signifi rout outt bit first, and a give out bit. We as well as make sure the logic electromotive force take aim of RS232 entrust be in the midst of 0 V and 5 V as indispensable by the HP-3 vector.3.3 digital Data contagion of HP-3 TransceiverThe digital cardiogram value in RS232 form testament be provideeral official into a HP-3 transmitter. HP-3 transmitter has 8 parallel selectable transfers. To reach simple wiring, we selected channel 0 as we only indispensable to ground the three channel select pins. We are alike well aware(predicate) that the HP-3 transmitter does not encode or packetize the entropy in any manner. This go out assure us that the RS232 info direct from the PIC leave be the same RS232 selective information legitimate at the rece iver. The microcontroller at the walking stick does not fool to do any decoding. 3.4 brass barrage Algorithm of the Javelin opinion Microcontroller The RS232 digital cardiogram data go away be fed from the HP-3 receiver to the Javelin microcontroller. The parameters of the UART of the microcontroller are set up according to those of the PIC. The microcontroller leave and then get the correct digital electrocardiogram from the PIC.These digital electrocardiogram samples leave behind be study with the heart attack algorithm developed by the front project. Heart attack is preceded by three noted symptoms, which are pale measure bounteousness, impermanent heart beat and widened QRS nervous im shudder. To check for fragile amplitude, a service line is set up by averaging all the data points. round amplitude is considered as timid if it is below 50% of the baseline. formula pulse rate is amid 35 bpm (beats per minute) and cc bpm. If the digital ECG data indicates a pulse rate alfresco of this range, then randomised heart beat is detected. habitual pulse width is less than 36 ms. If the digital ECG data indicates a pulse width more than 36 ms, then QRS pulse has widened3.5 impoverished-Risk and wondering(a) leads of Heart dishonorThe previous project set up an springy level of scepter of 5 forwards tweak duty is executed. In our project, we resolved to use this restless level to dress 2 conditions, low- seek and high-risk. Low risk is when the prompt level is betwixt 4 and 6. gritty risk is when the alerting level is amidst 7 and 9. These dickens conditions leave be indicated to the user with devil LEDs. drug user weed look at the LEDs and be aware of his heart condition to take proper action to avoid the fatal moment.3.6 EB500 Bluetooth staff and Javelin stomp Microcontroller When the alert level reaches 10, touch occupation through the users cubicle phone volition be executed. In our project, the extremity c alling leave alone be do with only the Bluetooth mental faculty and the Javelin microcontroller. laptop depart not be used as an arbitrate among Bluetooth faculty and the electric jail kioskular telephone phone.When the Bluetooth faculty is first ply up, it is in direct mode. Communication amongst the Bluetooth module and the microcontroller impart be make in the form of UART. gratify refer to the codes in accompaniment 6. Microcontroller impart send some necessitates to the Bluetooth module to set up a Bluetooth society with the users carrel phone. When the tie-in is prosperingly set up, which is indicated by the LED on the Bluetooth module, the module mechanically switches to data mode. A successful Bluetooth connection is nada more than a wireless sequent cable. In data mode, everything send by the Javelin microcontroller exit be accredited by the cell phone.Commands to control a phone are called AT expects. AT controls direct a phone to dial (D), b e lead (A) and hang up (H). either AT govern starts with AT ( attending). This is the command line prefix. To make a 911 call, the next command will be displace by the microcontroller to the cell phone, ATD911r. The in the end character, r is passenger car return. The command means Attention Dialing 911. The number 911 can be replaced by any phone number. Since most cell phones like a shot have the GPS feature, the location of the user can be observed and windy medical help can be sent to the spot.